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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaplam | om kalapl |
| 2SG: | kalaplat | ot kalapl |
| 3SG: | kalapleš | ok/ogeš kalapl |
| 1PL: | kalaplə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kalapl |
| 2PL: | kalaplə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kalapl |
| 3PL: | kalaplə̑t | ogə̑t kalapl |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalapl'ə̑m | šə̑m kalapl |
| 2SG: | kalapl'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kalapl |
| 3SG: | kalapl'e | ə̑š kalapl |
| 1PL: | kalaplna | ə̑šna kalapl |
| 2PL: | kalaplda | ə̑šda kalapl |
| 3PL: | kalapl'ə̑č́ | ə̑št kalapl |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaplə̑nam | kalaplə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kalaplə̑nat | kalaplə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalaplə̑n | kalaplə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kalaplə̑nna | kalaplə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kalaplə̑nda | kalaplə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kalaplə̑nə̑t | kalaplə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaplam ə̑l'e | om kalapl ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaplat ə̑l'e | ot kalapl ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalapleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kalapl ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaplə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kalapl ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaplə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kalapl ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaplə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kalapl ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaplam ulmaš | om kalapl ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalaplat ulmaš | ot kalapl ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalapleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kalapl ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalaplə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kalapl ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalaplə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kalapl ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaplə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kalapl ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaplə̑nam ə̑l'e | kalaplə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaplə̑nat ə̑l'e | kalaplə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaplə̑n ə̑l'e | kalaplə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaplə̑nna ə̑l'e | kalaplə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaplə̑nda ə̑l'e | kalaplə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaplə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kalaplə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaplə̑nam ulmaš | kalaplə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalaplə̑nat ulmaš | kalaplə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaplə̑n ulmaš | kalaplə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalaplə̑nna ulmaš | kalaplə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalaplə̑nda ulmaš | kalaplə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaplə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kalaplə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalapl | it kalapl |
| 3SG: | kalaplže | ə̑nže kalapl |
| 1PL: | (kalaplə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kalapl) |
| 2PL: | kalaplza | ida kalapl |
| 3PL: | kalaplə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kalapl |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaplnem | ə̑nem kalapl |
| 2SG: | kalaplnet | ə̑net kalapl |
| 3SG: | kalaplneže | ə̑než kalapl |
| 1PL: | kalaplnena | ə̑nena kalapl |
| 2PL: | kalaplneda | ə̑neda kalapl |
| 3PL: | kalaplnešt | ə̑nešt kalapl |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaplnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kalapl ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaplnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kalapl ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaplneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kalapl ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaplnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kalapl ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaplneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kalapl ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaplnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kalapl ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalaplnet ulmaš | ə̑net kalapl ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaplneže ulmaš | ə̑než kalapl ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kalaplneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kalapl ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaplnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kalapl ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kalaplaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kalaplman |
| Active participle: | kalaplše |
| Passive participle: | kalaplme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kalaplšaš |
| Negative participle: | kalapldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kalaplə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kalaplde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kalaplmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kalaplmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kalaplšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kalaplmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kalapldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||