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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalam | om kalaskal |
| 2SG: | kalaskalat | ot kalaskal |
| 3SG: | kalaskaleš | ok/ogeš kalaskal |
| 1PL: | kalaskalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kalaskal |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kalaskal |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑t | ogə̑t kalaskal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskal'ə̑m | šə̑m kalaskal |
| 2SG: | kalaskal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kalaskal |
| 3SG: | kalaskal'e | ə̑š kalaskal |
| 1PL: | kalaskalna | ə̑šna kalaskal |
| 2PL: | kalaskalda | ə̑šda kalaskal |
| 3PL: | kalaskal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št kalaskal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalə̑nam | kalaskalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kalaskalə̑nat | kalaskalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalaskalə̑n | kalaskalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kalaskalə̑nna | kalaskalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑nda | kalaskalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑nə̑t | kalaskalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalam ə̑l'e | om kalaskal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaskalat ə̑l'e | ot kalaskal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaskaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kalaskal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaskalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kalaskal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kalaskal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kalaskal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalam ulmaš | om kalaskal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalaskalat ulmaš | ot kalaskal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaskaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kalaskal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalaskalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kalaskal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kalaskal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kalaskal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalə̑nam ə̑l'e | kalaskalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaskalə̑nat ə̑l'e | kalaskalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaskalə̑n ə̑l'e | kalaskalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaskalə̑nna ə̑l'e | kalaskalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑nda ə̑l'e | kalaskalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kalaskalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalə̑nam ulmaš | kalaskalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalaskalə̑nat ulmaš | kalaskalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaskalə̑n ulmaš | kalaskalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalaskalə̑nna ulmaš | kalaskalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalaskalə̑nda ulmaš | kalaskalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kalaskalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalaskal | it kalaskal |
| 3SG: | kalaskalže | ə̑nže kalaskal |
| 1PL: | (kalaskalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kalaskal) |
| 2PL: | kalaskalza | ida kalaskal |
| 3PL: | kalaskalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kalaskal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalnem | ə̑nem kalaskal |
| 2SG: | kalaskalnet | ə̑net kalaskal |
| 3SG: | kalaskalneže | ə̑než kalaskal |
| 1PL: | kalaskalnena | ə̑nena kalaskal |
| 2PL: | kalaskalneda | ə̑neda kalaskal |
| 3PL: | kalaskalnešt | ə̑nešt kalaskal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kalaskal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaskalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kalaskal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaskalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kalaskal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaskalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kalaskal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaskalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kalaskal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaskalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kalaskal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalaskalnet ulmaš | ə̑net kalaskal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaskalneže ulmaš | ə̑než kalaskal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kalaskalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kalaskal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaskalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kalaskal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kalaskalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kalaskalman |
| Active participle: | kalaskalše |
| Passive participle: | kalaskalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kalaskalšaš |
| Negative participle: | kalaskaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kalaskalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kalaskalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kalaskalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kalaskalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kalaskalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kalaskalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kalaskaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||