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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kiškə̑lanam | om kiškə̑lan |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lanat | ot kiškə̑lan |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑laneš | ok/ogeš kiškə̑lan |
| 1PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kiškə̑lan |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kiškə̑lan |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑t | ogə̑t kiškə̑lan |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kiškə̑lańə̑m | šə̑m kiškə̑lan |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lańə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kiškə̑lan |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑lańe | ə̑š kiškə̑lan |
| 1PL: | kiškə̑lanna | ə̑šna kiškə̑lan |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑landa | ə̑šda kiškə̑lan |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lańə̑č́ | ə̑št kiškə̑lan |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kiškə̑lanə̑nam | kiškə̑lanə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lanə̑nat | kiškə̑lanə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑lanə̑n | kiškə̑lanə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑nna | kiškə̑lanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑nda | kiškə̑lanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑nə̑t | kiškə̑lanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kiškə̑lanam ə̑l'e | om kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lanat ə̑l'e | ot kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑laneš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kiškə̑lanam ulmaš | om kiškə̑lan ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lanat ulmaš | ot kiškə̑lan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑laneš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kiškə̑lan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kiškə̑lan ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kiškə̑lan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kiškə̑lan ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kiškə̑lanə̑nam ə̑l'e | kiškə̑lanə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lanə̑nat ə̑l'e | kiškə̑lanə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑lanə̑n ə̑l'e | kiškə̑lanə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑nna ə̑l'e | kiškə̑lanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑nda ə̑l'e | kiškə̑lanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kiškə̑lanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kiškə̑lanə̑nam ulmaš | kiškə̑lanə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lanə̑nat ulmaš | kiškə̑lanə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑lanə̑n ulmaš | kiškə̑lanə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑nna ulmaš | kiškə̑lanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑nda ulmaš | kiškə̑lanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kiškə̑lanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lan | it kiškə̑lan |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑lanže | ə̑nže kiškə̑lan |
| 1PL: | (kiškə̑lanə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kiškə̑lan) |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑lanza | ida kiškə̑lan |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lanə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kiškə̑lan |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kiškə̑lannem | ə̑nem kiškə̑lan |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lannet | ə̑net kiškə̑lan |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑lanneže | ə̑než kiškə̑lan |
| 1PL: | kiškə̑lannena | ə̑nena kiškə̑lan |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑lanneda | ə̑neda kiškə̑lan |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lannešt | ə̑nešt kiškə̑lan |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kiškə̑lannem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lannena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑lanneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kiškə̑lannena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑lanneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lannešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kiškə̑lan ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kiškə̑lannet ulmaš | ə̑net kiškə̑lan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kiškə̑lanneže ulmaš | ə̑než kiškə̑lan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kiškə̑lanneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kiškə̑lan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kiškə̑lannešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kiškə̑lan ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kiškə̑lanaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kiškə̑lanman |
| Active participle: | kiškə̑lanše |
| Passive participle: | kiškə̑lanme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kiškə̑lanšaš |
| Negative participle: | kiškə̑landə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kiškə̑lanə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kiškə̑lande |
| Gerund of prior action: | kiškə̑lanmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kiškə̑lanmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kiškə̑lanšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kiškə̑lanmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kiškə̑landə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||