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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑lam | om koβə̑l |
| 2SG: | koβə̑lat | ot koβə̑l |
| 3SG: | koβə̑leš | ok/ogeš koβə̑l |
| 1PL: | koβə̑lə̑na | ona/ogə̑na koβə̑l |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lə̑da | oda/ogə̑da koβə̑l |
| 3PL: | koβə̑lə̑t | ogə̑t koβə̑l |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑l'ə̑m | šə̑m koβə̑l |
| 2SG: | koβə̑l'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ koβə̑l |
| 3SG: | koβə̑l'o | ə̑š koβə̑l |
| 1PL: | koβə̑lna | ə̑šna koβə̑l |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lda | ə̑šda koβə̑l |
| 3PL: | koβə̑l'ə̑č́ | ə̑št koβə̑l |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑lə̑nam | koβə̑lə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | koβə̑lə̑nat | koβə̑lə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | koβə̑lə̑n | koβə̑lə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | koβə̑lə̑nna | koβə̑lə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lə̑nda | koβə̑lə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | koβə̑lə̑nə̑t | koβə̑lə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑lam ə̑l'e | om koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβə̑lat ə̑l'e | ot koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβə̑leš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβə̑lə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβə̑lə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑lam ulmaš | om koβə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koβə̑lat ulmaš | ot koβə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβə̑leš ulmaš | ok/ogeš koβə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koβə̑lə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na koβə̑l ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da koβə̑l ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβə̑lə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t koβə̑l ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑lə̑nam ə̑l'e | koβə̑lə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβə̑lə̑nat ə̑l'e | koβə̑lə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβə̑lə̑n ə̑l'e | koβə̑lə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβə̑lə̑nna ə̑l'e | koβə̑lə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lə̑nda ə̑l'e | koβə̑lə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβə̑lə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | koβə̑lə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑lə̑nam ulmaš | koβə̑lə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koβə̑lə̑nat ulmaš | koβə̑lə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβə̑lə̑n ulmaš | koβə̑lə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koβə̑lə̑nna ulmaš | koβə̑lə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lə̑nda ulmaš | koβə̑lə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβə̑lə̑nə̑t ulmaš | koβə̑lə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koβə̑l | it koβə̑l |
| 3SG: | koβə̑lžo | ə̑nže koβə̑l |
| 1PL: | (koβə̑lə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na koβə̑l) |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lza | ida koβə̑l |
| 3PL: | koβə̑lə̑št | ə̑nə̑št koβə̑l |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑lnem | ə̑nem koβə̑l |
| 2SG: | koβə̑lnet | ə̑net koβə̑l |
| 3SG: | koβə̑lneže | ə̑než koβə̑l |
| 1PL: | koβə̑lnena | ə̑nena koβə̑l |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lneda | ə̑neda koβə̑l |
| 3PL: | koβə̑lnešt | ə̑nešt koβə̑l |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑lnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβə̑lnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβə̑lneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβə̑lnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβə̑lnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt koβə̑l ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koβə̑lnet ulmaš | ə̑net koβə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβə̑lneže ulmaš | ə̑než koβə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | koβə̑lneda ulmaš | ə̑neda koβə̑l ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβə̑lnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt koβə̑l ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | koβə̑laš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | koβə̑lman |
| Active participle: | koβə̑lšo |
| Passive participle: | koβə̑lmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | koβə̑lšaš |
| Negative participle: | koβə̑ldə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | koβə̑lə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | koβə̑lde |
| Gerund of prior action: | koβə̑lmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | koβə̑lmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | koβə̑lšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | koβə̑lmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | koβə̑ldə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||