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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑ltaram | om koβə̑ltar |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltarat | ot koβə̑ltar |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltareš | ok/ogeš koβə̑ltar |
| 1PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑na | ona/ogə̑na koβə̑ltar |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑da | oda/ogə̑da koβə̑ltar |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑t | ogə̑t koβə̑ltar |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑m | šə̑m koβə̑ltar |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑č́ | šə̑č́ koβə̑ltar |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltare | ə̑š koβə̑ltar |
| 1PL: | koβə̑ltarna | ə̑šna koβə̑ltar |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarda | ə̑šda koβə̑ltar |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑č́ | ə̑št koβə̑ltar |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑nam | koβə̑ltarə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑nat | koβə̑ltarə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑n | koβə̑ltarə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑nna | koβə̑ltarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑nda | koβə̑ltarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑nə̑t | koβə̑ltarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑ltaram ə̑l'e | om koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltarat ə̑l'e | ot koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltareš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑ltaram ulmaš | om koβə̑ltar ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltarat ulmaš | ot koβə̑ltar ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltareš ulmaš | ok/ogeš koβə̑ltar ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na koβə̑ltar ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da koβə̑ltar ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t koβə̑ltar ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑nam ə̑l'e | koβə̑ltarə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑nat ə̑l'e | koβə̑ltarə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑n ə̑l'e | koβə̑ltarə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑nna ə̑l'e | koβə̑ltarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑nda ə̑l'e | koβə̑ltarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | koβə̑ltarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑nam ulmaš | koβə̑ltarə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑nat ulmaš | koβə̑ltarə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltarə̑n ulmaš | koβə̑ltarə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑nna ulmaš | koβə̑ltarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑nda ulmaš | koβə̑ltarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑nə̑t ulmaš | koβə̑ltarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltar | it koβə̑ltar |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltarže | ə̑nže koβə̑ltar |
| 1PL: | (koβə̑ltarə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na koβə̑ltar) |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarza | ida koβə̑ltar |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarə̑št | ə̑nə̑št koβə̑ltar |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑ltarnem | ə̑nem koβə̑ltar |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltarnet | ə̑net koβə̑ltar |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltarneže | ə̑než koβə̑ltar |
| 1PL: | koβə̑ltarnena | ə̑nena koβə̑ltar |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarneda | ə̑neda koβə̑ltar |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarnešt | ə̑nešt koβə̑ltar |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑ltarnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltarnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltarneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβə̑ltarnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt koβə̑ltar ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koβə̑ltarnet ulmaš | ə̑net koβə̑ltar ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβə̑ltarneže ulmaš | ə̑než koβə̑ltar ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | koβə̑ltarneda ulmaš | ə̑neda koβə̑ltar ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβə̑ltarnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt koβə̑ltar ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | koβə̑ltaraš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | koβə̑ltarman |
| Active participle: | koβə̑ltarše |
| Passive participle: | koβə̑ltarme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | koβə̑ltaršaš |
| Negative participle: | koβə̑ltardə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | koβə̑ltarə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | koβə̑ltarde |
| Gerund of prior action: | koβə̑ltarmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | koβə̑ltarmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | koβə̑ltaršə̑la |
| Nominalization: | koβə̑ltarmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | koβə̑ltardə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||