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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kosmonaβtikam | om kosmonaβtike |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtikat | ot kosmonaβtike |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikeš | ok/ogeš kosmonaβtike |
| 1PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kosmonaβtike |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kosmonaβtike |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑t | ogə̑t kosmonaβtike |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kosmonaβtikeə̑m | šə̑m kosmonaβtike |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtikeə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kosmonaβtike |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikeje | ə̑š kosmonaβtike |
| 1PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑na | ə̑šna kosmonaβtike |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑da | ə̑šda kosmonaβtike |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikeə̑č́ | ə̑št kosmonaβtike |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nam | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nat | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nna | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nda | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nə̑t | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kosmonaβtikam ə̑l'e | om kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtikat ə̑l'e | ot kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kosmonaβtikam ulmaš | om kosmonaβtike ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtikat ulmaš | ot kosmonaβtike ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kosmonaβtike ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kosmonaβtike ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kosmonaβtike ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kosmonaβtike ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nam ə̑l'e | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nat ə̑l'e | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n ə̑l'e | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nna ə̑l'e | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nda ə̑l'e | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nam ulmaš | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nat ulmaš | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n ulmaš | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nna ulmaš | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nda ulmaš | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtike | it kosmonaβtike |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑že | ə̑nže kosmonaβtike |
| 1PL: | (kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kosmonaβtike) |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑za | ida kosmonaβtike |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kosmonaβtike |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑nem | ə̑nem kosmonaβtike |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑net | ə̑net kosmonaβtike |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑neže | ə̑než kosmonaβtike |
| 1PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑nena | ə̑nena kosmonaβtike |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑neda | ə̑neda kosmonaβtike |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kosmonaβtike |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kosmonaβtike ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kosmonaβtike ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kosmonaβtikə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kosmonaβtike ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kosmonaβtike ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kosmonaβtikə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kosmonaβtike ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kosmonaβtikaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kosmonaβtikə̑man |
| Active participle: | kosmonaβtikə̑še |
| Passive participle: | kosmonaβtikə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kosmonaβtikə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kosmonaβtikə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kosmonaβtikə̑ə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kosmonaβtikə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kosmonaβtikə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kosmonaβtikə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kosmonaβtikə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kosmonaβtikə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kosmonaβtikə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||