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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kośkam | om kośk |
| 2SG: | kośkat | ot kośk |
| 3SG: | kośkeš | ok/ogeš kośk |
| 1PL: | kośkə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kośk |
| 2PL: | kośkə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kośk |
| 3PL: | kośkə̑t | ogə̑t kośk |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kośkə̑m | šə̑m kośk |
| 2SG: | kośkə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kośk |
| 3SG: | kośko | ə̑š kośk |
| 1PL: | kośkna | ə̑šna kośk |
| 2PL: | kośkda | ə̑šda kośk |
| 3PL: | kośkə̑č́ | ə̑št kośk |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kośkə̑nam | kośkə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kośkə̑nat | kośkə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kośkə̑n | kośkə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kośkə̑nna | kośkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kośkə̑nda | kośkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kośkə̑nə̑t | kośkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kośkam ə̑l'e | om kośk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kośkat ə̑l'e | ot kośk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kośkeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kośk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kośkə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kośk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kośkə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kośk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kośkə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kośk ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kośkam ulmaš | om kośk ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kośkat ulmaš | ot kośk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kośkeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kośk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kośkə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kośk ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kośkə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kośk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kośkə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kośk ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kośkə̑nam ə̑l'e | kośkə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kośkə̑nat ə̑l'e | kośkə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kośkə̑n ə̑l'e | kośkə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kośkə̑nna ə̑l'e | kośkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kośkə̑nda ə̑l'e | kośkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kośkə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kośkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kośkə̑nam ulmaš | kośkə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kośkə̑nat ulmaš | kośkə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kośkə̑n ulmaš | kośkə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kośkə̑nna ulmaš | kośkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kośkə̑nda ulmaš | kośkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kośkə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kośkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kośk | it kośk |
| 3SG: | kośkšo | ə̑nže kośk |
| 1PL: | (kośkə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kośk) |
| 2PL: | kośksa | ida kośk |
| 3PL: | kośkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kośk |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kośknem | ə̑nem kośk |
| 2SG: | kośknet | ə̑net kośk |
| 3SG: | kośkneže | ə̑než kośk |
| 1PL: | kośknena | ə̑nena kośk |
| 2PL: | kośkneda | ə̑neda kośk |
| 3PL: | kośknešt | ə̑nešt kośk |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kośknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kośk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kośknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kośk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kośkneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kośk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kośknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kośk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kośkneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kośk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kośknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kośk ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kośknet ulmaš | ə̑net kośk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kośkneže ulmaš | ə̑než kośk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kośkneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kośk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kośknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kośk ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kośkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kośkman |
| Active participle: | kośkšo |
| Passive participle: | kośkmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kośkšaš |
| Negative participle: | kośkdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kośkə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kośkde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kośkmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kośkmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kośkšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kośkmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kośkdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||