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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuam | om ku |
| 2SG: | kuat | ot ku |
| 3SG: | kueš | ok/ogeš ku |
| 1PL: | kuə̑na | ona/ogə̑na ku |
| 2PL: | kuə̑da | oda/ogə̑da ku |
| 3PL: | kuə̑t | ogə̑t ku |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuə̑m | šə̑m ku |
| 2SG: | kuə̑č́ | šə̑č́ ku |
| 3SG: | kuo | ə̑š ku |
| 1PL: | kuna | ə̑šna ku |
| 2PL: | kuda | ə̑šda ku |
| 3PL: | kuə̑č́ | ə̑št ku |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuə̑nam | kuə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kuə̑nat | kuə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kuə̑n | kuə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kuə̑nna | kuə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kuə̑nda | kuə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kuə̑nə̑t | kuə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuam ə̑l'e | om ku ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuat ə̑l'e | ot ku ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kueš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš ku ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na ku ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da ku ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t ku ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuam ulmaš | om ku ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuat ulmaš | ot ku ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kueš ulmaš | ok/ogeš ku ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na ku ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da ku ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t ku ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuə̑nam ə̑l'e | kuə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuə̑nat ə̑l'e | kuə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuə̑n ə̑l'e | kuə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuə̑nna ə̑l'e | kuə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuə̑nda ə̑l'e | kuə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kuə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuə̑nam ulmaš | kuə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuə̑nat ulmaš | kuə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuə̑n ulmaš | kuə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuə̑nna ulmaš | kuə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuə̑nda ulmaš | kuə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kuə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ku | it ku |
| 3SG: | kužo | ə̑nže ku |
| 1PL: | (kuə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na ku) |
| 2PL: | kuza | ida ku |
| 3PL: | kušt | ə̑nə̑št ku |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kunem | ə̑nem ku |
| 2SG: | kunet | ə̑net ku |
| 3SG: | kuneže | ə̑než ku |
| 1PL: | kunena | ə̑nena ku |
| 2PL: | kuneda | ə̑neda ku |
| 3PL: | kunešt | ə̑nešt ku |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kunem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem ku ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kunena ə̑l'e | ə̑net ku ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než ku ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kunena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena ku ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda ku ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kunešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt ku ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kunet ulmaš | ə̑net ku ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuneže ulmaš | ə̑než ku ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kuneda ulmaš | ə̑neda ku ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kunešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt ku ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kuaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kuman |
| Active participle: | kušo |
| Passive participle: | kumo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kušaš |
| Negative participle: | kudə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kuə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kude |
| Gerund of prior action: | kumek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kumeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kušə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kumaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kudə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||