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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumkalam | om kumkal |
| 2SG: | kumkalat | ot kumkal |
| 3SG: | kumkaleš | ok/ogeš kumkal |
| 1PL: | kumkalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kumkal |
| 2PL: | kumkalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kumkal |
| 3PL: | kumkalə̑t | ogə̑t kumkal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumkal'ə̑m | šə̑m kumkal |
| 2SG: | kumkal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kumkal |
| 3SG: | kumkal'e | ə̑š kumkal |
| 1PL: | kumkalna | ə̑šna kumkal |
| 2PL: | kumkalda | ə̑šda kumkal |
| 3PL: | kumkal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št kumkal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumkalə̑nam | kumkalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kumkalə̑nat | kumkalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kumkalə̑n | kumkalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kumkalə̑nna | kumkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kumkalə̑nda | kumkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kumkalə̑nə̑t | kumkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumkalam ə̑l'e | om kumkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kumkalat ə̑l'e | ot kumkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kumkaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kumkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kumkalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kumkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kumkalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kumkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kumkalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kumkal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumkalam ulmaš | om kumkal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kumkalat ulmaš | ot kumkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kumkaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kumkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kumkalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kumkal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kumkalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kumkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kumkalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kumkal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumkalə̑nam ə̑l'e | kumkalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kumkalə̑nat ə̑l'e | kumkalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kumkalə̑n ə̑l'e | kumkalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kumkalə̑nna ə̑l'e | kumkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kumkalə̑nda ə̑l'e | kumkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kumkalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kumkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumkalə̑nam ulmaš | kumkalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kumkalə̑nat ulmaš | kumkalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kumkalə̑n ulmaš | kumkalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kumkalə̑nna ulmaš | kumkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kumkalə̑nda ulmaš | kumkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kumkalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kumkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kumkal | it kumkal |
| 3SG: | kumkalže | ə̑nže kumkal |
| 1PL: | (kumkalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kumkal) |
| 2PL: | kumkalza | ida kumkal |
| 3PL: | kumkalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kumkal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumkalnem | ə̑nem kumkal |
| 2SG: | kumkalnet | ə̑net kumkal |
| 3SG: | kumkalneže | ə̑než kumkal |
| 1PL: | kumkalnena | ə̑nena kumkal |
| 2PL: | kumkalneda | ə̑neda kumkal |
| 3PL: | kumkalnešt | ə̑nešt kumkal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumkalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kumkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kumkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kumkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kumkalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kumkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kumkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kumkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kumkalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kumkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kumkalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kumkal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kumkalnet ulmaš | ə̑net kumkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kumkalneže ulmaš | ə̑než kumkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kumkalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kumkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kumkalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kumkal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kumkalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kumkalman |
| Active participle: | kumkalše |
| Passive participle: | kumkalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kumkalšaš |
| Negative participle: | kumkaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kumkalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kumkalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kumkalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kumkalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kumkalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kumkalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kumkaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||