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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kusarkalam | om kusarkal |
| 2SG: | kusarkalat | ot kusarkal |
| 3SG: | kusarkaleš | ok/ogeš kusarkal |
| 1PL: | kusarkalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kusarkal |
| 2PL: | kusarkalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kusarkal |
| 3PL: | kusarkalə̑t | ogə̑t kusarkal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kusarkal'ə̑m | šə̑m kusarkal |
| 2SG: | kusarkal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kusarkal |
| 3SG: | kusarkal'e | ə̑š kusarkal |
| 1PL: | kusarkalna | ə̑šna kusarkal |
| 2PL: | kusarkalda | ə̑šda kusarkal |
| 3PL: | kusarkal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št kusarkal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kusarkalə̑nam | kusarkalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kusarkalə̑nat | kusarkalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kusarkalə̑n | kusarkalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kusarkalə̑nna | kusarkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kusarkalə̑nda | kusarkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kusarkalə̑nə̑t | kusarkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kusarkalam ə̑l'e | om kusarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kusarkalat ə̑l'e | ot kusarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kusarkaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kusarkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kusarkalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kusarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kusarkalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kusarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kusarkalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kusarkal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kusarkalam ulmaš | om kusarkal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kusarkalat ulmaš | ot kusarkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kusarkaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kusarkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kusarkalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kusarkal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kusarkalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kusarkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kusarkalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kusarkal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kusarkalə̑nam ə̑l'e | kusarkalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kusarkalə̑nat ə̑l'e | kusarkalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kusarkalə̑n ə̑l'e | kusarkalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kusarkalə̑nna ə̑l'e | kusarkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kusarkalə̑nda ə̑l'e | kusarkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kusarkalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kusarkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kusarkalə̑nam ulmaš | kusarkalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kusarkalə̑nat ulmaš | kusarkalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kusarkalə̑n ulmaš | kusarkalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kusarkalə̑nna ulmaš | kusarkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kusarkalə̑nda ulmaš | kusarkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kusarkalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kusarkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kusarkal | it kusarkal |
| 3SG: | kusarkalže | ə̑nže kusarkal |
| 1PL: | (kusarkalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kusarkal) |
| 2PL: | kusarkalza | ida kusarkal |
| 3PL: | kusarkalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kusarkal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kusarkalnem | ə̑nem kusarkal |
| 2SG: | kusarkalnet | ə̑net kusarkal |
| 3SG: | kusarkalneže | ə̑než kusarkal |
| 1PL: | kusarkalnena | ə̑nena kusarkal |
| 2PL: | kusarkalneda | ə̑neda kusarkal |
| 3PL: | kusarkalnešt | ə̑nešt kusarkal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kusarkalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kusarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kusarkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kusarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kusarkalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kusarkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kusarkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kusarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kusarkalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kusarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kusarkalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kusarkal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kusarkalnet ulmaš | ə̑net kusarkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kusarkalneže ulmaš | ə̑než kusarkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kusarkalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kusarkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kusarkalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kusarkal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kusarkalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kusarkalman |
| Active participle: | kusarkalše |
| Passive participle: | kusarkalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kusarkalšaš |
| Negative participle: | kusarkaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kusarkalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kusarkalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kusarkalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kusarkalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kusarkalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kusarkalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kusarkaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||