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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgam | om kuŋgə̑rg |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgat | ot kuŋgə̑rg |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgeš | ok/ogeš kuŋgə̑rg |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kuŋgə̑rg |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kuŋgə̑rg |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑t | ogə̑t kuŋgə̑rg |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑m | šə̑m kuŋgə̑rg |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kuŋgə̑rg |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgo | ə̑š kuŋgə̑rg |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgna | ə̑šna kuŋgə̑rg |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgda | ə̑šda kuŋgə̑rg |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑č́ | ə̑št kuŋgə̑rg |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nam | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nat | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nna | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nda | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nə̑t | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgam ə̑l'e | om kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgat ə̑l'e | ot kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgam ulmaš | om kuŋgə̑rg ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgat ulmaš | ot kuŋgə̑rg ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kuŋgə̑rg ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kuŋgə̑rg ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kuŋgə̑rg ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kuŋgə̑rg ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nam ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nat ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nna ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nda ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nam ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nat ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nna ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nda ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rg | it kuŋgə̑rg |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgšo | ə̑nže kuŋgə̑rg |
| 1PL: | (kuŋgə̑rgə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kuŋgə̑rg) |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgsa | ida kuŋgə̑rg |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kuŋgə̑rg |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgnem | ə̑nem kuŋgə̑rg |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgnet | ə̑net kuŋgə̑rg |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgneže | ə̑než kuŋgə̑rg |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgnena | ə̑nena kuŋgə̑rg |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgneda | ə̑neda kuŋgə̑rg |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgnešt | ə̑nešt kuŋgə̑rg |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuŋgə̑rgnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuŋgə̑rgnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kuŋgə̑rg ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuŋgə̑rgnet ulmaš | ə̑net kuŋgə̑rg ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuŋgə̑rgneže ulmaš | ə̑než kuŋgə̑rg ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kuŋgə̑rgneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kuŋgə̑rg ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuŋgə̑rgnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kuŋgə̑rg ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kuŋgə̑rgaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kuŋgə̑rgman |
| Active participle: | kuŋgə̑rgšo |
| Passive participle: | kuŋgə̑rgmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kuŋgə̑rgšaš |
| Negative participle: | kuŋgə̑rgdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kuŋgə̑rgə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kuŋgə̑rgde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kuŋgə̑rgmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kuŋgə̑rgmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kuŋgə̑rgšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kuŋgə̑rgmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kuŋgə̑rgdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||