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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lalam | om kə̑lal |
| 2SG: | kə̑lalat | ot kə̑lal |
| 3SG: | kə̑laleš | ok/ogeš kə̑lal |
| 1PL: | kə̑lalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kə̑lal |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kə̑lal |
| 3PL: | kə̑lalə̑t | ogə̑t kə̑lal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lal'ə̑m | šə̑m kə̑lal |
| 2SG: | kə̑lal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kə̑lal |
| 3SG: | kə̑lal'e | ə̑š kə̑lal |
| 1PL: | kə̑lalna | ə̑šna kə̑lal |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalda | ə̑šda kə̑lal |
| 3PL: | kə̑lal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št kə̑lal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lalə̑nam | kə̑lalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kə̑lalə̑nat | kə̑lalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kə̑lalə̑n | kə̑lalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kə̑lalə̑nna | kə̑lalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalə̑nda | kə̑lalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kə̑lalə̑nə̑t | kə̑lalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lalam ə̑l'e | om kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑lalat ə̑l'e | ot kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑laleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑lalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑lalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lalam ulmaš | om kə̑lal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑lalat ulmaš | ot kə̑lal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑laleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kə̑lal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑lalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kə̑lal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kə̑lal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑lalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kə̑lal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lalə̑nam ə̑l'e | kə̑lalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑lalə̑nat ə̑l'e | kə̑lalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑lalə̑n ə̑l'e | kə̑lalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑lalə̑nna ə̑l'e | kə̑lalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalə̑nda ə̑l'e | kə̑lalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑lalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kə̑lalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lalə̑nam ulmaš | kə̑lalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑lalə̑nat ulmaš | kə̑lalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑lalə̑n ulmaš | kə̑lalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑lalə̑nna ulmaš | kə̑lalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalə̑nda ulmaš | kə̑lalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑lalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kə̑lalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑lal | it kə̑lal |
| 3SG: | kə̑lalže | ə̑nže kə̑lal |
| 1PL: | (kə̑lalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kə̑lal) |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalza | ida kə̑lal |
| 3PL: | kə̑lalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kə̑lal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lalnem | ə̑nem kə̑lal |
| 2SG: | kə̑lalnet | ə̑net kə̑lal |
| 3SG: | kə̑lalneže | ə̑než kə̑lal |
| 1PL: | kə̑lalnena | ə̑nena kə̑lal |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalneda | ə̑neda kə̑lal |
| 3PL: | kə̑lalnešt | ə̑nešt kə̑lal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑lalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑lalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑lalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑lalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kə̑lal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑lalnet ulmaš | ə̑net kə̑lal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑lalneže ulmaš | ə̑než kə̑lal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kə̑lalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kə̑lal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑lalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kə̑lal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kə̑lalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kə̑lalman |
| Active participle: | kə̑lalše |
| Passive participle: | kə̑lalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kə̑lalšaš |
| Negative participle: | kə̑laldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kə̑lalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kə̑lalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kə̑lalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kə̑lalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kə̑lalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kə̑lalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kə̑laldə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||