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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lmam | om kə̑lm |
| 2SG: | kə̑lmat | ot kə̑lm |
| 3SG: | kə̑lmeš | ok/ogeš kə̑lm |
| 1PL: | kə̑lmə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kə̑lm |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kə̑lm |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmə̑t | ogə̑t kə̑lm |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lmə̑m | šə̑m kə̑lm |
| 2SG: | kə̑lmə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kə̑lm |
| 3SG: | kə̑lme | ə̑š kə̑lm |
| 1PL: | kə̑lmna | ə̑šna kə̑lm |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmda | ə̑šda kə̑lm |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmə̑č́ | ə̑št kə̑lm |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lmə̑nam | kə̑lmə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kə̑lmə̑nat | kə̑lmə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kə̑lmə̑n | kə̑lmə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kə̑lmə̑nna | kə̑lmə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmə̑nda | kə̑lmə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmə̑nə̑t | kə̑lmə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lmam ə̑l'e | om kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑lmat ə̑l'e | ot kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑lmeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑lmə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lmam ulmaš | om kə̑lm ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑lmat ulmaš | ot kə̑lm ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑lmeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kə̑lm ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑lmə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kə̑lm ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kə̑lm ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kə̑lm ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lmə̑nam ə̑l'e | kə̑lmə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑lmə̑nat ə̑l'e | kə̑lmə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑lmə̑n ə̑l'e | kə̑lmə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑lmə̑nna ə̑l'e | kə̑lmə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmə̑nda ə̑l'e | kə̑lmə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kə̑lmə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lmə̑nam ulmaš | kə̑lmə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑lmə̑nat ulmaš | kə̑lmə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑lmə̑n ulmaš | kə̑lmə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑lmə̑nna ulmaš | kə̑lmə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmə̑nda ulmaš | kə̑lmə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kə̑lmə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑lm | it kə̑lm |
| 3SG: | kə̑lmže | ə̑nže kə̑lm |
| 1PL: | (kə̑lmə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kə̑lm) |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmza | ida kə̑lm |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kə̑lm |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lmnem | ə̑nem kə̑lm |
| 2SG: | kə̑lmnet | ə̑net kə̑lm |
| 3SG: | kə̑lmneže | ə̑než kə̑lm |
| 1PL: | kə̑lmnena | ə̑nena kə̑lm |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmneda | ə̑neda kə̑lm |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmnešt | ə̑nešt kə̑lm |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lmnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑lmnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑lmneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑lmnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kə̑lm ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑lmnet ulmaš | ə̑net kə̑lm ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑lmneže ulmaš | ə̑než kə̑lm ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kə̑lmneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kə̑lm ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑lmnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kə̑lm ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kə̑lmaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kə̑lmman |
| Active participle: | kə̑lmše |
| Passive participle: | kə̑lmme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kə̑lmšaš |
| Negative participle: | kə̑lmdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kə̑lmə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kə̑lmde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kə̑lmmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kə̑lmmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kə̑lmšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kə̑lmmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kə̑lmdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||