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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑rkalam | om kə̑rkal |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkalat | ot kə̑rkal |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkaleš | ok/ogeš kə̑rkal |
| 1PL: | kə̑rkalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kə̑rkal |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kə̑rkal |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkalə̑t | ogə̑t kə̑rkal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑rkal'ə̑m | šə̑m kə̑rkal |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kə̑rkal |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkal'e | ə̑š kə̑rkal |
| 1PL: | kə̑rkalna | ə̑šna kə̑rkal |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalda | ə̑šda kə̑rkal |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št kə̑rkal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑rkalə̑nam | kə̑rkalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkalə̑nat | kə̑rkalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkalə̑n | kə̑rkalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kə̑rkalə̑nna | kə̑rkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalə̑nda | kə̑rkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkalə̑nə̑t | kə̑rkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑rkalam ə̑l'e | om kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkalat ə̑l'e | ot kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑rkalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑rkalam ulmaš | om kə̑rkal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkalat ulmaš | ot kə̑rkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kə̑rkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑rkalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kə̑rkal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kə̑rkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kə̑rkal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑rkalə̑nam ə̑l'e | kə̑rkalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkalə̑nat ə̑l'e | kə̑rkalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkalə̑n ə̑l'e | kə̑rkalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑rkalə̑nna ə̑l'e | kə̑rkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalə̑nda ə̑l'e | kə̑rkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kə̑rkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑rkalə̑nam ulmaš | kə̑rkalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkalə̑nat ulmaš | kə̑rkalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkalə̑n ulmaš | kə̑rkalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑rkalə̑nna ulmaš | kə̑rkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalə̑nda ulmaš | kə̑rkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kə̑rkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkal | it kə̑rkal |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkalže | ə̑nže kə̑rkal |
| 1PL: | (kə̑rkalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kə̑rkal) |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalza | ida kə̑rkal |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kə̑rkal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑rkalnem | ə̑nem kə̑rkal |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkalnet | ə̑net kə̑rkal |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkalneže | ə̑než kə̑rkal |
| 1PL: | kə̑rkalnena | ə̑nena kə̑rkal |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalneda | ə̑neda kə̑rkal |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkalnešt | ə̑nešt kə̑rkal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑rkalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑rkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kə̑rkal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑rkalnet ulmaš | ə̑net kə̑rkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑rkalneže ulmaš | ə̑než kə̑rkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kə̑rkalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kə̑rkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑rkalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kə̑rkal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kə̑rkalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kə̑rkalman |
| Active participle: | kə̑rkalše |
| Passive participle: | kə̑rkalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kə̑rkalšaš |
| Negative participle: | kə̑rkaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kə̑rkalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kə̑rkalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kə̑rkalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kə̑rkalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kə̑rkalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kə̑rkalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kə̑rkaldə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||