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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑sam | om kə̑s |
| 2SG: | kə̑sat | ot kə̑s |
| 3SG: | kə̑seš | ok/ogeš kə̑s |
| 1PL: | kə̑sə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kə̑s |
| 2PL: | kə̑sə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kə̑s |
| 3PL: | kə̑sə̑t | ogə̑t kə̑s |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑sə̑m | šə̑m kə̑s |
| 2SG: | kə̑sə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kə̑s |
| 3SG: | kə̑se | ə̑š kə̑s |
| 1PL: | kə̑sna | ə̑šna kə̑s |
| 2PL: | kə̑sda | ə̑šda kə̑s |
| 3PL: | kə̑sə̑č́ | ə̑št kə̑s |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑sə̑nam | kə̑sə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kə̑sə̑nat | kə̑sə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kə̑sə̑n | kə̑sə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kə̑sə̑nna | kə̑sə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kə̑sə̑nda | kə̑sə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kə̑sə̑nə̑t | kə̑sə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑sam ə̑l'e | om kə̑s ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑sat ə̑l'e | ot kə̑s ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑seš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kə̑s ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑sə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kə̑s ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑sə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kə̑s ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑sə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kə̑s ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑sam ulmaš | om kə̑s ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑sat ulmaš | ot kə̑s ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑seš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kə̑s ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑sə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kə̑s ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑sə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kə̑s ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑sə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kə̑s ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑sə̑nam ə̑l'e | kə̑sə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑sə̑nat ə̑l'e | kə̑sə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑sə̑n ə̑l'e | kə̑sə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑sə̑nna ə̑l'e | kə̑sə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑sə̑nda ə̑l'e | kə̑sə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑sə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kə̑sə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑sə̑nam ulmaš | kə̑sə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑sə̑nat ulmaš | kə̑sə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑sə̑n ulmaš | kə̑sə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑sə̑nna ulmaš | kə̑sə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑sə̑nda ulmaš | kə̑sə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑sə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kə̑sə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑s | it kə̑s |
| 3SG: | kə̑sše | ə̑nže kə̑s |
| 1PL: | (kə̑sə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kə̑s) |
| 2PL: | kə̑ssa | ida kə̑s |
| 3PL: | kə̑sə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kə̑s |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑snem | ə̑nem kə̑s |
| 2SG: | kə̑snet | ə̑net kə̑s |
| 3SG: | kə̑sneže | ə̑než kə̑s |
| 1PL: | kə̑snena | ə̑nena kə̑s |
| 2PL: | kə̑sneda | ə̑neda kə̑s |
| 3PL: | kə̑snešt | ə̑nešt kə̑s |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑snem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kə̑s ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑snena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kə̑s ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑sneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kə̑s ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑snena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kə̑s ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑sneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kə̑s ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑snešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kə̑s ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑snet ulmaš | ə̑net kə̑s ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑sneže ulmaš | ə̑než kə̑s ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kə̑sneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kə̑s ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑snešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kə̑s ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kə̑saš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kə̑sman |
| Active participle: | kə̑sše |
| Passive participle: | kə̑sme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kə̑sšaš |
| Negative participle: | kə̑sdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kə̑sə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kə̑sde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kə̑smek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kə̑smeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kə̑sšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kə̑smaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kə̑sdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||