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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalam | om nulkal |
| 2SG: | nulkalat | ot nulkal |
| 3SG: | nulkaleš | ok/ogeš nulkal |
| 1PL: | nulkalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na nulkal |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da nulkal |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑t | ogə̑t nulkal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkal'ə̑m | šə̑m nulkal |
| 2SG: | nulkal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ nulkal |
| 3SG: | nulkal'e | ə̑š nulkal |
| 1PL: | nulkalna | ə̑šna nulkal |
| 2PL: | nulkalda | ə̑šda nulkal |
| 3PL: | nulkal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št nulkal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalə̑nam | nulkalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | nulkalə̑nat | nulkalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | nulkalə̑n | nulkalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | nulkalə̑nna | nulkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑nda | nulkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑nə̑t | nulkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalam ə̑l'e | om nulkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | nulkalat ə̑l'e | ot nulkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | nulkaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš nulkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | nulkalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na nulkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da nulkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t nulkal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalam ulmaš | om nulkal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | nulkalat ulmaš | ot nulkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | nulkaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš nulkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | nulkalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na nulkal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da nulkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t nulkal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalə̑nam ə̑l'e | nulkalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | nulkalə̑nat ə̑l'e | nulkalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | nulkalə̑n ə̑l'e | nulkalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | nulkalə̑nna ə̑l'e | nulkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑nda ə̑l'e | nulkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | nulkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalə̑nam ulmaš | nulkalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | nulkalə̑nat ulmaš | nulkalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | nulkalə̑n ulmaš | nulkalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | nulkalə̑nna ulmaš | nulkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑nda ulmaš | nulkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | nulkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | nulkal | it nulkal |
| 3SG: | nulkalže | ə̑nže nulkal |
| 1PL: | (nulkalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na nulkal) |
| 2PL: | nulkalza | ida nulkal |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št nulkal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalnem | ə̑nem nulkal |
| 2SG: | nulkalnet | ə̑net nulkal |
| 3SG: | nulkalneže | ə̑než nulkal |
| 1PL: | nulkalnena | ə̑nena nulkal |
| 2PL: | nulkalneda | ə̑neda nulkal |
| 3PL: | nulkalnešt | ə̑nešt nulkal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem nulkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | nulkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net nulkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | nulkalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než nulkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | nulkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena nulkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | nulkalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda nulkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | nulkalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt nulkal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | nulkalnet ulmaš | ə̑net nulkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | nulkalneže ulmaš | ə̑než nulkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | nulkalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda nulkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | nulkalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt nulkal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | nulkalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | nulkalman |
| Active participle: | nulkalše |
| Passive participle: | nulkalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | nulkalšaš |
| Negative participle: | nulkaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | nulkalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | nulkalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | nulkalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | nulkalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | nulkalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | nulkalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | nulkaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||