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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkam | om ruʃtk |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkat | ot ruʃtk |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkeʃ | ok/ogeʃ ruʃtk |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkəna | ona/ogəna ruʃtk |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkəda | oda/ogəda ruʃtk |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkət | ogət ruʃtk |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkəm | ʃəm ruʃtk |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ ruʃtk |
| 3SG: | ruʃtko | əʃ ruʃtk |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkna | əʃna ruʃtk |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkda | əʃda ruʃtk |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkət͡ɕ | əʃt ruʃtk |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkənam | ruʃtkən oməl |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkənat | ruʃtkən otəl |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkən | ruʃtkən ogəl |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkənːa | ruʃtkən onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkənda | ruʃtkən odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkənət | ruʃtkən ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkam əʎe | om ruʃtk əʎe |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkat əʎe | ot ruʃtk əʎe |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkeʃ əʎe | ok/ogeʃ ruʃtk əʎe |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkəna əʎe | ona/ogəna ruʃtk əʎe |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkəda əʎe | oda/ogəda ruʃtk əʎe |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkət əʎe | ogət ruʃtk əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkam ulmaʃ | om ruʃtk ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkat ulmaʃ | ot ruʃtk ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkeʃ ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ ruʃtk ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkəna ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna ruʃtk ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkəda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda ruʃtk ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkət ulmaʃ | ogət ruʃtk ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkənam əʎe | ruʃtkən oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkənat əʎe | ruʃtkən otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkən əʎe | ruʃtkən ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkənːa əʎe | ruʃtkən onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkənda əʎe | ruʃtkən odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkənət əʎe | ruʃtkən ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkənam ulmaʃ | ruʃtkən oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkənat ulmaʃ | ruʃtkən otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkən ulmaʃ | ruʃtkən ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkənːa ulmaʃ | ruʃtkən onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkənda ulmaʃ | ruʃtkən odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkənət ulmaʃ | ruʃtkən ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ruʃtk | it ruʃtk |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkʃo | ənʒe ruʃtk |
| 1PL: | (ruʃtkəna) | (ona/ogəna ruʃtk) |
| 2PL: | ruʃtksa | ida ruʃtk |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkəʃt | ənəʃt ruʃtk |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtknem | ənem ruʃtk |
| 2SG: | ruʃtknet | ənet ruʃtk |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkneʒe | əneʒ ruʃtk |
| 1PL: | ruʃtknena | ənena ruʃtk |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkneda | əneda ruʃtk |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkneʃt | əneʃt ruʃtk |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtknem əʎe | ənem ruʃtk əʎe |
| 2SG: | ruʃtknena əʎe | ənet ruʃtk əʎe |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkneʒe əʎe | əneʒ ruʃtk əʎe |
| 1PL: | ruʃtknena əʎe | ənena ruʃtk əʎe |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkneda əʎe | əneda ruʃtk əʎe |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkneʃt əʎe | əneʃt ruʃtk əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ruʃtknet ulmaʃ | ənet ruʃtk ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ ruʃtk ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkneda ulmaʃ | əneda ruʃtk ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt ruʃtk ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ruʃtkaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ruʃtkman |
| Active participle: | ruʃtkʃo |
| Passive participle: | ruʃtkmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ruʃtkʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | ruʃtkdəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ruʃtkən |
| Negative gerund: | ruʃtkde |
| Gerund of prior action: | ruʃtkmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ruʃtkmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ruʃtkʃəla |
| Nominalization: | ruʃtkmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | ruʃtkdəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||