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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rüštkam | om rüštk |
| 2SG: | rüštkat | ot rüštk |
| 3SG: | rüštkeš | ok/ogeš rüštk |
| 1PL: | rüštkə̑na | ona/ogə̑na rüštk |
| 2PL: | rüštkə̑da | oda/ogə̑da rüštk |
| 3PL: | rüštkə̑t | ogə̑t rüštk |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rüštkə̑m | šə̑m rüštk |
| 2SG: | rüštkə̑č́ | šə̑č́ rüštk |
| 3SG: | rüštkö | ə̑š rüštk |
| 1PL: | rüštkna | ə̑šna rüštk |
| 2PL: | rüštkda | ə̑šda rüštk |
| 3PL: | rüštkə̑č́ | ə̑št rüštk |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rüštkə̑nam | rüštkə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | rüštkə̑nat | rüštkə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | rüštkə̑n | rüštkə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | rüštkə̑nna | rüštkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | rüštkə̑nda | rüštkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | rüštkə̑nə̑t | rüštkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rüštkam ə̑l'e | om rüštk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | rüštkat ə̑l'e | ot rüštk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | rüštkeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš rüštk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | rüštkə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na rüštk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | rüštkə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da rüštk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | rüštkə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t rüštk ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rüštkam ulmaš | om rüštk ulmaš |
| 2SG: | rüštkat ulmaš | ot rüštk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | rüštkeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš rüštk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | rüštkə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na rüštk ulmaš |
| 2PL: | rüštkə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da rüštk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | rüštkə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t rüštk ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rüštkə̑nam ə̑l'e | rüštkə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | rüštkə̑nat ə̑l'e | rüštkə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | rüštkə̑n ə̑l'e | rüštkə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | rüštkə̑nna ə̑l'e | rüštkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | rüštkə̑nda ə̑l'e | rüštkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | rüštkə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | rüštkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rüštkə̑nam ulmaš | rüštkə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | rüštkə̑nat ulmaš | rüštkə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | rüštkə̑n ulmaš | rüštkə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | rüštkə̑nna ulmaš | rüštkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | rüštkə̑nda ulmaš | rüštkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | rüštkə̑nə̑t ulmaš | rüštkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | rüštk | it rüštk |
| 3SG: | rüštkšö | ə̑nže rüštk |
| 1PL: | (rüštkə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na rüštk) |
| 2PL: | rüštksa | ida rüštk |
| 3PL: | rüštkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št rüštk |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rüštknem | ə̑nem rüštk |
| 2SG: | rüštknet | ə̑net rüštk |
| 3SG: | rüštkneže | ə̑než rüštk |
| 1PL: | rüštknena | ə̑nena rüštk |
| 2PL: | rüštkneda | ə̑neda rüštk |
| 3PL: | rüštknešt | ə̑nešt rüštk |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rüštknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem rüštk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | rüštknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net rüštk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | rüštkneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než rüštk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | rüštknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena rüštk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | rüštkneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda rüštk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | rüštknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt rüštk ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | rüštknet ulmaš | ə̑net rüštk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | rüštkneže ulmaš | ə̑než rüštk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | rüštkneda ulmaš | ə̑neda rüštk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | rüštknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt rüštk ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | rüštkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | rüštkman |
| Active participle: | rüštkšö |
| Passive participle: | rüštkmö |
| Future-necessitive participle: | rüštkšaš |
| Negative participle: | rüštkdə̑mö |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | rüštkə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | rüštkde |
| Gerund of prior action: | rüštkmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | rüštkmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | rüštkšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | rüštkmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | rüštkdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||