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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sakalam | om sakal |
| 2SG: | sakalat | ot sakal |
| 3SG: | sakaleš | ok/ogeš sakal |
| 1PL: | sakalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na sakal |
| 2PL: | sakalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da sakal |
| 3PL: | sakalə̑t | ogə̑t sakal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sakal'ə̑m | šə̑m sakal |
| 2SG: | sakal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sakal |
| 3SG: | sakal'e | ə̑š sakal |
| 1PL: | sakalna | ə̑šna sakal |
| 2PL: | sakalda | ə̑šda sakal |
| 3PL: | sakal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št sakal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sakalə̑nam | sakalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sakalə̑nat | sakalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sakalə̑n | sakalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sakalə̑nna | sakalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sakalə̑nda | sakalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sakalə̑nə̑t | sakalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sakalam ə̑l'e | om sakal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sakalat ə̑l'e | ot sakal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sakaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sakal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sakalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sakal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sakalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sakal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sakalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sakal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sakalam ulmaš | om sakal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sakalat ulmaš | ot sakal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sakaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš sakal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sakalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sakal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sakalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sakal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sakalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t sakal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sakalə̑nam ə̑l'e | sakalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sakalə̑nat ə̑l'e | sakalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sakalə̑n ə̑l'e | sakalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sakalə̑nna ə̑l'e | sakalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sakalə̑nda ə̑l'e | sakalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sakalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | sakalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sakalə̑nam ulmaš | sakalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sakalə̑nat ulmaš | sakalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sakalə̑n ulmaš | sakalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sakalə̑nna ulmaš | sakalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sakalə̑nda ulmaš | sakalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sakalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | sakalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sakal | it sakal |
| 3SG: | sakalže | ə̑nže sakal |
| 1PL: | (sakalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na sakal) |
| 2PL: | sakalza | ida sakal |
| 3PL: | sakalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sakal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sakalnem | ə̑nem sakal |
| 2SG: | sakalnet | ə̑net sakal |
| 3SG: | sakalneže | ə̑než sakal |
| 1PL: | sakalnena | ə̑nena sakal |
| 2PL: | sakalneda | ə̑neda sakal |
| 3PL: | sakalnešt | ə̑nešt sakal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sakalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sakal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sakalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sakal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sakalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sakal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sakalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sakal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sakalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sakal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sakalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sakal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sakalnet ulmaš | ə̑net sakal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sakalneže ulmaš | ə̑než sakal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sakalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sakal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sakalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sakal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sakalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sakalman |
| Active participle: | sakalše |
| Passive participle: | sakalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sakalšaš |
| Negative participle: | sakaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sakalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | sakalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | sakalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sakalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sakalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sakalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | sakaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||