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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapkeremam | om sapkerem |
| 2SG: | sapkeremat | ot sapkerem |
| 3SG: | sapkeremeš | ok/ogeš sapkerem |
| 1PL: | sapkeremə̑na | ona/ogə̑na sapkerem |
| 2PL: | sapkeremə̑da | oda/ogə̑da sapkerem |
| 3PL: | sapkeremə̑t | ogə̑t sapkerem |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapkeremə̑m | šə̑m sapkerem |
| 2SG: | sapkeremə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sapkerem |
| 3SG: | sapkereme | ə̑š sapkerem |
| 1PL: | sapkeremna | ə̑šna sapkerem |
| 2PL: | sapkeremda | ə̑šda sapkerem |
| 3PL: | sapkeremə̑č́ | ə̑št sapkerem |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapkeremə̑nam | sapkeremə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sapkeremə̑nat | sapkeremə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapkeremə̑n | sapkeremə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sapkeremə̑nna | sapkeremə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sapkeremə̑nda | sapkeremə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sapkeremə̑nə̑t | sapkeremə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapkeremam ə̑l'e | om sapkerem ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapkeremat ə̑l'e | ot sapkerem ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapkeremeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sapkerem ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapkeremə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sapkerem ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapkeremə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sapkerem ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapkeremə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sapkerem ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapkeremam ulmaš | om sapkerem ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapkeremat ulmaš | ot sapkerem ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapkeremeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš sapkerem ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapkeremə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sapkerem ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapkeremə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sapkerem ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapkeremə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t sapkerem ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapkeremə̑nam ə̑l'e | sapkeremə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapkeremə̑nat ə̑l'e | sapkeremə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapkeremə̑n ə̑l'e | sapkeremə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapkeremə̑nna ə̑l'e | sapkeremə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapkeremə̑nda ə̑l'e | sapkeremə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapkeremə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | sapkeremə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapkeremə̑nam ulmaš | sapkeremə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapkeremə̑nat ulmaš | sapkeremə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapkeremə̑n ulmaš | sapkeremə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapkeremə̑nna ulmaš | sapkeremə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapkeremə̑nda ulmaš | sapkeremə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapkeremə̑nə̑t ulmaš | sapkeremə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapkerem | it sapkerem |
| 3SG: | sapkeremže | ə̑nže sapkerem |
| 1PL: | (sapkeremə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na sapkerem) |
| 2PL: | sapkeremza | ida sapkerem |
| 3PL: | sapkeremə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sapkerem |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapkeremnem | ə̑nem sapkerem |
| 2SG: | sapkeremnet | ə̑net sapkerem |
| 3SG: | sapkeremneže | ə̑než sapkerem |
| 1PL: | sapkeremnena | ə̑nena sapkerem |
| 2PL: | sapkeremneda | ə̑neda sapkerem |
| 3PL: | sapkeremnešt | ə̑nešt sapkerem |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapkeremnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sapkerem ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapkeremnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sapkerem ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapkeremneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sapkerem ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapkeremnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sapkerem ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapkeremneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sapkerem ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapkeremnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sapkerem ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapkeremnet ulmaš | ə̑net sapkerem ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapkeremneže ulmaš | ə̑než sapkerem ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sapkeremneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sapkerem ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapkeremnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sapkerem ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sapkeremaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sapkeremman |
| Active participle: | sapkeremše |
| Passive participle: | sapkeremme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sapkeremšaš |
| Negative participle: | sapkeremdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sapkeremə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | sapkeremde |
| Gerund of prior action: | sapkeremmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sapkeremmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sapkeremšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sapkeremmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | sapkeremdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||