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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkam | om topk |
| 2SG: | topkat | ot topk |
| 3SG: | topkeš | ok/ogeš topk |
| 1PL: | topkə̑na | ona/ogə̑na topk |
| 2PL: | topkə̑da | oda/ogə̑da topk |
| 3PL: | topkə̑t | ogə̑t topk |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkə̑m | šə̑m topk |
| 2SG: | topkə̑č́ | šə̑č́ topk |
| 3SG: | topko | ə̑š topk |
| 1PL: | topkna | ə̑šna topk |
| 2PL: | topkda | ə̑šda topk |
| 3PL: | topkə̑č́ | ə̑št topk |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkə̑nam | topkə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | topkə̑nat | topkə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | topkə̑n | topkə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | topkə̑nna | topkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | topkə̑nda | topkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | topkə̑nə̑t | topkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkam ə̑l'e | om topk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topkat ə̑l'e | ot topk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topkeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš topk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topkə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na topk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topkə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da topk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topkə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t topk ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkam ulmaš | om topk ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topkat ulmaš | ot topk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topkeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš topk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topkə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na topk ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topkə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da topk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topkə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t topk ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkə̑nam ə̑l'e | topkə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topkə̑nat ə̑l'e | topkə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topkə̑n ə̑l'e | topkə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topkə̑nna ə̑l'e | topkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topkə̑nda ə̑l'e | topkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topkə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | topkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkə̑nam ulmaš | topkə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topkə̑nat ulmaš | topkə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topkə̑n ulmaš | topkə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topkə̑nna ulmaš | topkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topkə̑nda ulmaš | topkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topkə̑nə̑t ulmaš | topkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topk | it topk |
| 3SG: | topkšo | ə̑nže topk |
| 1PL: | (topkə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na topk) |
| 2PL: | topksa | ida topk |
| 3PL: | topkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št topk |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topknem | ə̑nem topk |
| 2SG: | topknet | ə̑net topk |
| 3SG: | topkneže | ə̑než topk |
| 1PL: | topknena | ə̑nena topk |
| 2PL: | topkneda | ə̑neda topk |
| 3PL: | topknešt | ə̑nešt topk |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem topk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net topk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topkneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než topk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena topk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topkneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda topk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt topk ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topknet ulmaš | ə̑net topk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topkneže ulmaš | ə̑než topk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topkneda ulmaš | ə̑neda topk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt topk ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topkman |
| Active participle: | topkšo |
| Passive participle: | topkmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topkšaš |
| Negative participle: | topkdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topkə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | topkde |
| Gerund of prior action: | topkmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topkmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topkšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | topkmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | topkdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||