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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am) |
| Genitive: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)ən |
| Dative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)lan |
| Accusative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)əm |
| Comparative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)la |
| Comitative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)ge |
| Inessive: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)əʃte |
| Illative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)əʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)jeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem |
| 2SG: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)jet |
| 3SG: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)ʒe |
| 1PL: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)na |
| 2PL: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)da |
| 3PL: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)əʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)la |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)mət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlak | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakem, toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)jemən | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakən | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakemən, toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)jemlan, toʃkalaʃ (-am)lanem | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlaklan | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakemlan, toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)jeməm | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakəm | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakeməm, toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)jemla, toʃkalaʃ (-am)lam | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakla | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakemla, toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)jemge | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakge | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakemge, toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)əʃtem | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃte | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃtem, toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)əʃkem | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃkem, toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃkalaʃ (-am)jeʃem | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakeʃ | toʃkalaʃ (-am)-βlakeʃem, toʃkalaʃ (-am)jem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||