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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toštaš (-am) |
| Genitive: | toštaš (-am)ə̑n |
| Dative: | toštaš (-am)lan |
| Accusative: | toštaš (-am)ə̑m |
| Comparative: | toštaš (-am)la |
| Comitative: | toštaš (-am)ge |
| Inessive: | toštaš (-am)ə̑šte |
| Illative: | toštaš (-am)ə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toštaš (-am)ješ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toštaš (-am)jem |
| 2SG: | toštaš (-am)jet |
| 3SG: | toštaš (-am)že |
| 1PL: | toštaš (-am)na |
| 2PL: | toštaš (-am)da |
| 3PL: | toštaš (-am)ə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toštaš (-am)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toštaš (-am)-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toštaš (-am)la |
| Sociative Plural: | toštaš (-am)mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toštaš (-am)jem | toštaš (-am)-βlak | toštaš (-am)-βlakem, toštaš (-am)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toštaš (-am)jemə̑n | toštaš (-am)-βlakə̑n | toštaš (-am)-βlakemə̑n, toštaš (-am)jem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toštaš (-am)jemlan, toštaš (-am)lanem | toštaš (-am)-βlaklan | toštaš (-am)-βlakemlan, toštaš (-am)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toštaš (-am)jemə̑m | toštaš (-am)-βlakə̑m | toštaš (-am)-βlakemə̑m, toštaš (-am)jem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toštaš (-am)jemla, toštaš (-am)lam | toštaš (-am)-βlakla | toštaš (-am)-βlakemla, toštaš (-am)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toštaš (-am)jemge | toštaš (-am)-βlakge | toštaš (-am)-βlakemge, toštaš (-am)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toštaš (-am)ə̑štem | toštaš (-am)-βlakə̑šte | toštaš (-am)-βlakə̑štem, toštaš (-am)jem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toštaš (-am)ə̑škem | toštaš (-am)-βlakə̑š(ke) | toštaš (-am)-βlakə̑škem, toštaš (-am)jem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toštaš (-am)ješem | toštaš (-am)-βlakeš | toštaš (-am)-βlakešem, toštaš (-am)jem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||