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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkam | om tupk |
| 2SG: | tupkat | ot tupk |
| 3SG: | tupkeš | ok/ogeš tupk |
| 1PL: | tupkə̑na | ona/ogə̑na tupk |
| 2PL: | tupkə̑da | oda/ogə̑da tupk |
| 3PL: | tupkə̑t | ogə̑t tupk |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkə̑m | šə̑m tupk |
| 2SG: | tupkə̑č́ | šə̑č́ tupk |
| 3SG: | tupko | ə̑š tupk |
| 1PL: | tupkna | ə̑šna tupk |
| 2PL: | tupkda | ə̑šda tupk |
| 3PL: | tupkə̑č́ | ə̑št tupk |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkə̑nam | tupkə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | tupkə̑nat | tupkə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | tupkə̑n | tupkə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | tupkə̑nna | tupkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | tupkə̑nda | tupkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | tupkə̑nə̑t | tupkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkam ə̑l'e | om tupk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tupkat ə̑l'e | ot tupk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tupkeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš tupk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tupkə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na tupk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tupkə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da tupk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tupkə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t tupk ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkam ulmaš | om tupk ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tupkat ulmaš | ot tupk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tupkeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš tupk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tupkə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na tupk ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tupkə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da tupk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tupkə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t tupk ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkə̑nam ə̑l'e | tupkə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tupkə̑nat ə̑l'e | tupkə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tupkə̑n ə̑l'e | tupkə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tupkə̑nna ə̑l'e | tupkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tupkə̑nda ə̑l'e | tupkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tupkə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | tupkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkə̑nam ulmaš | tupkə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tupkə̑nat ulmaš | tupkə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tupkə̑n ulmaš | tupkə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tupkə̑nna ulmaš | tupkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tupkə̑nda ulmaš | tupkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tupkə̑nə̑t ulmaš | tupkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tupk | it tupk |
| 3SG: | tupkšo | ə̑nže tupk |
| 1PL: | (tupkə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na tupk) |
| 2PL: | tupksa | ida tupk |
| 3PL: | tupkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št tupk |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupknem | ə̑nem tupk |
| 2SG: | tupknet | ə̑net tupk |
| 3SG: | tupkneže | ə̑než tupk |
| 1PL: | tupknena | ə̑nena tupk |
| 2PL: | tupkneda | ə̑neda tupk |
| 3PL: | tupknešt | ə̑nešt tupk |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem tupk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tupknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net tupk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tupkneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než tupk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tupknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena tupk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tupkneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda tupk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tupknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt tupk ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tupknet ulmaš | ə̑net tupk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tupkneže ulmaš | ə̑než tupk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | tupkneda ulmaš | ə̑neda tupk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tupknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt tupk ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | tupkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | tupkman |
| Active participle: | tupkšo |
| Passive participle: | tupkmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | tupkšaš |
| Negative participle: | tupkdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | tupkə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | tupkde |
| Gerund of prior action: | tupkmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | tupkmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | tupkšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | tupkmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | tupkdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||