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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | töpkam | om töpk |
| 2SG: | töpkat | ot töpk |
| 3SG: | töpkeš | ok/ogeš töpk |
| 1PL: | töpkə̑na | ona/ogə̑na töpk |
| 2PL: | töpkə̑da | oda/ogə̑da töpk |
| 3PL: | töpkə̑t | ogə̑t töpk |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | töpkə̑m | šə̑m töpk |
| 2SG: | töpkə̑č́ | šə̑č́ töpk |
| 3SG: | töpkö | ə̑š töpk |
| 1PL: | töpkna | ə̑šna töpk |
| 2PL: | töpkda | ə̑šda töpk |
| 3PL: | töpkə̑č́ | ə̑št töpk |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | töpkə̑nam | töpkə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | töpkə̑nat | töpkə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | töpkə̑n | töpkə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | töpkə̑nna | töpkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | töpkə̑nda | töpkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | töpkə̑nə̑t | töpkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | töpkam ə̑l'e | om töpk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | töpkat ə̑l'e | ot töpk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | töpkeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš töpk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | töpkə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na töpk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | töpkə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da töpk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | töpkə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t töpk ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | töpkam ulmaš | om töpk ulmaš |
| 2SG: | töpkat ulmaš | ot töpk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | töpkeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš töpk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | töpkə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na töpk ulmaš |
| 2PL: | töpkə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da töpk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | töpkə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t töpk ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | töpkə̑nam ə̑l'e | töpkə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | töpkə̑nat ə̑l'e | töpkə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | töpkə̑n ə̑l'e | töpkə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | töpkə̑nna ə̑l'e | töpkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | töpkə̑nda ə̑l'e | töpkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | töpkə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | töpkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | töpkə̑nam ulmaš | töpkə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | töpkə̑nat ulmaš | töpkə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | töpkə̑n ulmaš | töpkə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | töpkə̑nna ulmaš | töpkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | töpkə̑nda ulmaš | töpkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | töpkə̑nə̑t ulmaš | töpkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | töpk | it töpk |
| 3SG: | töpkšö | ə̑nže töpk |
| 1PL: | (töpkə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na töpk) |
| 2PL: | töpksa | ida töpk |
| 3PL: | töpkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št töpk |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | töpknem | ə̑nem töpk |
| 2SG: | töpknet | ə̑net töpk |
| 3SG: | töpkneže | ə̑než töpk |
| 1PL: | töpknena | ə̑nena töpk |
| 2PL: | töpkneda | ə̑neda töpk |
| 3PL: | töpknešt | ə̑nešt töpk |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | töpknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem töpk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | töpknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net töpk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | töpkneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než töpk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | töpknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena töpk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | töpkneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda töpk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | töpknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt töpk ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | töpknet ulmaš | ə̑net töpk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | töpkneže ulmaš | ə̑než töpk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | töpkneda ulmaš | ə̑neda töpk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | töpknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt töpk ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | töpkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | töpkman |
| Active participle: | töpkšö |
| Passive participle: | töpkmö |
| Future-necessitive participle: | töpkšaš |
| Negative participle: | töpkdə̑mö |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | töpkə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | töpkde |
| Gerund of prior action: | töpkmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | töpkmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | töpkšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | töpkmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | töpkdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||