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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uβkalam | om uβkal |
| 2SG: | uβkalat | ot uβkal |
| 3SG: | uβkaleš | ok/ogeš uβkal |
| 1PL: | uβkalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na uβkal |
| 2PL: | uβkalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da uβkal |
| 3PL: | uβkalə̑t | ogə̑t uβkal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uβkal'ə̑m | šə̑m uβkal |
| 2SG: | uβkal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ uβkal |
| 3SG: | uβkal'e | ə̑š uβkal |
| 1PL: | uβkalna | ə̑šna uβkal |
| 2PL: | uβkalda | ə̑šda uβkal |
| 3PL: | uβkal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št uβkal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uβkalə̑nam | uβkalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | uβkalə̑nat | uβkalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | uβkalə̑n | uβkalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | uβkalə̑nna | uβkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | uβkalə̑nda | uβkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | uβkalə̑nə̑t | uβkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uβkalam ə̑l'e | om uβkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | uβkalat ə̑l'e | ot uβkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | uβkaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš uβkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | uβkalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na uβkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | uβkalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da uβkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | uβkalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t uβkal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uβkalam ulmaš | om uβkal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | uβkalat ulmaš | ot uβkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | uβkaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš uβkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | uβkalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na uβkal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | uβkalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da uβkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | uβkalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t uβkal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uβkalə̑nam ə̑l'e | uβkalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | uβkalə̑nat ə̑l'e | uβkalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | uβkalə̑n ə̑l'e | uβkalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | uβkalə̑nna ə̑l'e | uβkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | uβkalə̑nda ə̑l'e | uβkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | uβkalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | uβkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uβkalə̑nam ulmaš | uβkalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | uβkalə̑nat ulmaš | uβkalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | uβkalə̑n ulmaš | uβkalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | uβkalə̑nna ulmaš | uβkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | uβkalə̑nda ulmaš | uβkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | uβkalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | uβkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | uβkal | it uβkal |
| 3SG: | uβkalže | ə̑nže uβkal |
| 1PL: | (uβkalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na uβkal) |
| 2PL: | uβkalza | ida uβkal |
| 3PL: | uβkalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št uβkal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uβkalnem | ə̑nem uβkal |
| 2SG: | uβkalnet | ə̑net uβkal |
| 3SG: | uβkalneže | ə̑než uβkal |
| 1PL: | uβkalnena | ə̑nena uβkal |
| 2PL: | uβkalneda | ə̑neda uβkal |
| 3PL: | uβkalnešt | ə̑nešt uβkal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | uβkalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem uβkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | uβkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net uβkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | uβkalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než uβkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | uβkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena uβkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | uβkalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda uβkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | uβkalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt uβkal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | uβkalnet ulmaš | ə̑net uβkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | uβkalneže ulmaš | ə̑než uβkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | uβkalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda uβkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | uβkalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt uβkal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | uβkalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | uβkalman |
| Active participle: | uβkalše |
| Passive participle: | uβkalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | uβkalšaš |
| Negative participle: | uβkaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | uβkalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | uβkalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | uβkalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | uβkalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | uβkalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | uβkalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | uβkaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||