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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́iβam | om č́iβ |
| 2SG: | č́iβat | ot č́iβ |
| 3SG: | č́iβeš | ok/ogeš č́iβ |
| 1PL: | č́iβə̑na | ona/ogə̑na č́iβ |
| 2PL: | č́iβə̑da | oda/ogə̑da č́iβ |
| 3PL: | č́iβə̑t | ogə̑t č́iβ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́iβə̑m | šə̑m č́iβ |
| 2SG: | č́iβə̑č́ | šə̑č́ č́iβ |
| 3SG: | č́iβe | ə̑š č́iβ |
| 1PL: | č́iβna | ə̑šna č́iβ |
| 2PL: | č́iβda | ə̑šda č́iβ |
| 3PL: | č́iβə̑č́ | ə̑št č́iβ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́iβə̑nam | č́iβə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | č́iβə̑nat | č́iβə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | č́iβə̑n | č́iβə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | č́iβə̑nna | č́iβə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | č́iβə̑nda | č́iβə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | č́iβə̑nə̑t | č́iβə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́iβam ə̑l'e | om č́iβ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́iβat ə̑l'e | ot č́iβ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́iβeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš č́iβ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́iβə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na č́iβ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́iβə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da č́iβ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́iβə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t č́iβ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́iβam ulmaš | om č́iβ ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́iβat ulmaš | ot č́iβ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́iβeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš č́iβ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́iβə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na č́iβ ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́iβə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da č́iβ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́iβə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t č́iβ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́iβə̑nam ə̑l'e | č́iβə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́iβə̑nat ə̑l'e | č́iβə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́iβə̑n ə̑l'e | č́iβə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́iβə̑nna ə̑l'e | č́iβə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́iβə̑nda ə̑l'e | č́iβə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́iβə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | č́iβə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́iβə̑nam ulmaš | č́iβə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́iβə̑nat ulmaš | č́iβə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́iβə̑n ulmaš | č́iβə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́iβə̑nna ulmaš | č́iβə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́iβə̑nda ulmaš | č́iβə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́iβə̑nə̑t ulmaš | č́iβə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́iβ | it č́iβ |
| 3SG: | č́iβše | ə̑nže č́iβ |
| 1PL: | (č́iβə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na č́iβ) |
| 2PL: | č́iβsa | ida č́iβ |
| 3PL: | č́iβə̑št | ə̑nə̑št č́iβ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́iβnem | ə̑nem č́iβ |
| 2SG: | č́iβnet | ə̑net č́iβ |
| 3SG: | č́iβneže | ə̑než č́iβ |
| 1PL: | č́iβnena | ə̑nena č́iβ |
| 2PL: | č́iβneda | ə̑neda č́iβ |
| 3PL: | č́iβnešt | ə̑nešt č́iβ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́iβnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem č́iβ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́iβnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net č́iβ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́iβneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než č́iβ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́iβnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena č́iβ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́iβneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda č́iβ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́iβnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt č́iβ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́iβnet ulmaš | ə̑net č́iβ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́iβneže ulmaš | ə̑než č́iβ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | č́iβneda ulmaš | ə̑neda č́iβ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́iβnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt č́iβ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | č́iβaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | č́iβman |
| Active participle: | č́iβše |
| Passive participle: | č́iβme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | č́iβšaš |
| Negative participle: | č́iβdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | č́iβə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | č́iβde |
| Gerund of prior action: | č́iβmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | č́iβmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | č́iβšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | č́iβmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | č́iβdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||