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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šuldaram | om šuldar |
| 2SG: | šuldarat | ot šuldar |
| 3SG: | šuldareš | ok/ogeš šuldar |
| 1PL: | šuldarə̑na | ona/ogə̑na šuldar |
| 2PL: | šuldarə̑da | oda/ogə̑da šuldar |
| 3PL: | šuldarə̑t | ogə̑t šuldar |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šuldarə̑m | šə̑m šuldar |
| 2SG: | šuldarə̑č́ | šə̑č́ šuldar |
| 3SG: | šuldare | ə̑š šuldar |
| 1PL: | šuldarna | ə̑šna šuldar |
| 2PL: | šuldarda | ə̑šda šuldar |
| 3PL: | šuldarə̑č́ | ə̑št šuldar |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šuldarə̑nam | šuldarə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | šuldarə̑nat | šuldarə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | šuldarə̑n | šuldarə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | šuldarə̑nna | šuldarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | šuldarə̑nda | šuldarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | šuldarə̑nə̑t | šuldarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šuldaram ə̑l'e | om šuldar ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šuldarat ə̑l'e | ot šuldar ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šuldareš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš šuldar ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šuldarə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na šuldar ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šuldarə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da šuldar ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šuldarə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t šuldar ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šuldaram ulmaš | om šuldar ulmaš |
| 2SG: | šuldarat ulmaš | ot šuldar ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šuldareš ulmaš | ok/ogeš šuldar ulmaš |
| 1PL: | šuldarə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na šuldar ulmaš |
| 2PL: | šuldarə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da šuldar ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šuldarə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t šuldar ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šuldarə̑nam ə̑l'e | šuldarə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šuldarə̑nat ə̑l'e | šuldarə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šuldarə̑n ə̑l'e | šuldarə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šuldarə̑nna ə̑l'e | šuldarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šuldarə̑nda ə̑l'e | šuldarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šuldarə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | šuldarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šuldarə̑nam ulmaš | šuldarə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | šuldarə̑nat ulmaš | šuldarə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šuldarə̑n ulmaš | šuldarə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | šuldarə̑nna ulmaš | šuldarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | šuldarə̑nda ulmaš | šuldarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šuldarə̑nə̑t ulmaš | šuldarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | šuldar | it šuldar |
| 3SG: | šuldarže | ə̑nže šuldar |
| 1PL: | (šuldarə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na šuldar) |
| 2PL: | šuldarza | ida šuldar |
| 3PL: | šuldarə̑št | ə̑nə̑št šuldar |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šuldarnem | ə̑nem šuldar |
| 2SG: | šuldarnet | ə̑net šuldar |
| 3SG: | šuldarneže | ə̑než šuldar |
| 1PL: | šuldarnena | ə̑nena šuldar |
| 2PL: | šuldarneda | ə̑neda šuldar |
| 3PL: | šuldarnešt | ə̑nešt šuldar |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šuldarnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem šuldar ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šuldarnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net šuldar ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šuldarneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než šuldar ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šuldarnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena šuldar ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šuldarneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda šuldar ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šuldarnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt šuldar ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | šuldarnet ulmaš | ə̑net šuldar ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šuldarneže ulmaš | ə̑než šuldar ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | šuldarneda ulmaš | ə̑neda šuldar ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šuldarnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt šuldar ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | šuldaraš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | šuldarman |
| Active participle: | šuldarše |
| Passive participle: | šuldarme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | šuldaršaš |
| Negative participle: | šuldardə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | šuldarə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | šuldarde |
| Gerund of prior action: | šuldarmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | šuldarmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | šuldaršə̑la |
| Nominalization: | šuldarmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | šuldardə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||