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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskam | om esk |
| 2SG: | eskat | ot esk |
| 3SG: | eskeš | ok/ogeš esk |
| 1PL: | eskə̑na | ona/ogə̑na esk |
| 2PL: | eskə̑da | oda/ogə̑da esk |
| 3PL: | eskə̑t | ogə̑t esk |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskə̑m | šə̑m esk |
| 2SG: | eskə̑č́ | šə̑č́ esk |
| 3SG: | eske | ə̑š esk |
| 1PL: | eskna | ə̑šna esk |
| 2PL: | eskda | ə̑šda esk |
| 3PL: | eskə̑č́ | ə̑št esk |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskə̑nam | eskə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | eskə̑nat | eskə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | eskə̑n | eskə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | eskə̑nna | eskə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | eskə̑nda | eskə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | eskə̑nə̑t | eskə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskam ə̑l'e | om esk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | eskat ə̑l'e | ot esk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | eskeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš esk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | eskə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na esk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | eskə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da esk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | eskə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t esk ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskam ulmaš | om esk ulmaš |
| 2SG: | eskat ulmaš | ot esk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | eskeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš esk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | eskə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na esk ulmaš |
| 2PL: | eskə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da esk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | eskə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t esk ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskə̑nam ə̑l'e | eskə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | eskə̑nat ə̑l'e | eskə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | eskə̑n ə̑l'e | eskə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | eskə̑nna ə̑l'e | eskə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | eskə̑nda ə̑l'e | eskə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | eskə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | eskə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskə̑nam ulmaš | eskə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | eskə̑nat ulmaš | eskə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | eskə̑n ulmaš | eskə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | eskə̑nna ulmaš | eskə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | eskə̑nda ulmaš | eskə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | eskə̑nə̑t ulmaš | eskə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | esk | it esk |
| 3SG: | eskše | ə̑nže esk |
| 1PL: | (eskə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na esk) |
| 2PL: | esksa | ida esk |
| 3PL: | eskə̑št | ə̑nə̑št esk |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | esknem | ə̑nem esk |
| 2SG: | esknet | ə̑net esk |
| 3SG: | eskneže | ə̑než esk |
| 1PL: | esknena | ə̑nena esk |
| 2PL: | eskneda | ə̑neda esk |
| 3PL: | esknešt | ə̑nešt esk |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | esknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem esk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | esknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net esk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | eskneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než esk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | esknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena esk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | eskneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda esk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | esknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt esk ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | esknet ulmaš | ə̑net esk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | eskneže ulmaš | ə̑než esk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | eskneda ulmaš | ə̑neda esk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | esknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt esk ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | eskaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | eskman |
| Active participle: | eskše |
| Passive participle: | eskme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | eskšaš |
| Negative participle: | eskdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | eskə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | eskde |
| Gerund of prior action: | eskmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | eskmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | eskšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | eskmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | eskdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||