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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jastarkalam | om jastarkal |
| 2SG: | jastarkalat | ot jastarkal |
| 3SG: | jastarkaleš | ok/ogeš jastarkal |
| 1PL: | jastarkalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na jastarkal |
| 2PL: | jastarkalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da jastarkal |
| 3PL: | jastarkalə̑t | ogə̑t jastarkal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jastarkal'ə̑m | šə̑m jastarkal |
| 2SG: | jastarkal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ jastarkal |
| 3SG: | jastarkal'e | ə̑š jastarkal |
| 1PL: | jastarkalna | ə̑šna jastarkal |
| 2PL: | jastarkalda | ə̑šda jastarkal |
| 3PL: | jastarkal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št jastarkal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jastarkalə̑nam | jastarkalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | jastarkalə̑nat | jastarkalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | jastarkalə̑n | jastarkalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | jastarkalə̑nna | jastarkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | jastarkalə̑nda | jastarkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | jastarkalə̑nə̑t | jastarkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jastarkalam ə̑l'e | om jastarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | jastarkalat ə̑l'e | ot jastarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | jastarkaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš jastarkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | jastarkalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na jastarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | jastarkalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da jastarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | jastarkalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t jastarkal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jastarkalam ulmaš | om jastarkal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | jastarkalat ulmaš | ot jastarkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | jastarkaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš jastarkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | jastarkalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na jastarkal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | jastarkalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da jastarkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | jastarkalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t jastarkal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jastarkalə̑nam ə̑l'e | jastarkalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | jastarkalə̑nat ə̑l'e | jastarkalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | jastarkalə̑n ə̑l'e | jastarkalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | jastarkalə̑nna ə̑l'e | jastarkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | jastarkalə̑nda ə̑l'e | jastarkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | jastarkalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | jastarkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jastarkalə̑nam ulmaš | jastarkalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | jastarkalə̑nat ulmaš | jastarkalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | jastarkalə̑n ulmaš | jastarkalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | jastarkalə̑nna ulmaš | jastarkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | jastarkalə̑nda ulmaš | jastarkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | jastarkalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | jastarkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | jastarkal | it jastarkal |
| 3SG: | jastarkalže | ə̑nže jastarkal |
| 1PL: | (jastarkalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na jastarkal) |
| 2PL: | jastarkalza | ida jastarkal |
| 3PL: | jastarkalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št jastarkal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jastarkalnem | ə̑nem jastarkal |
| 2SG: | jastarkalnet | ə̑net jastarkal |
| 3SG: | jastarkalneže | ə̑než jastarkal |
| 1PL: | jastarkalnena | ə̑nena jastarkal |
| 2PL: | jastarkalneda | ə̑neda jastarkal |
| 3PL: | jastarkalnešt | ə̑nešt jastarkal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jastarkalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem jastarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | jastarkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net jastarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | jastarkalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než jastarkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | jastarkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena jastarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | jastarkalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda jastarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | jastarkalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt jastarkal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | jastarkalnet ulmaš | ə̑net jastarkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | jastarkalneže ulmaš | ə̑než jastarkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | jastarkalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda jastarkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | jastarkalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt jastarkal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | jastarkalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | jastarkalman |
| Active participle: | jastarkalše |
| Passive participle: | jastarkalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | jastarkalšaš |
| Negative participle: | jastarkaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | jastarkalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | jastarkalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | jastarkalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | jastarkalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | jastarkalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | jastarkalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | jastarkaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||