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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βestyrlemdem | om βestyrlemde |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemdet | ot βestyrlemde |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemda | ok/ogeʃ βestyrlemde |
| 1PL: | βestyrlemdena | ona/ogəna βestyrlemde |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdeda | oda/ogəda βestyrlemde |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemdat | ogət βestyrlemde |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βestyrlemdəʃəm | ʃəm βestyrlemde |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemdəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ βestyrlemde |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemdəʃ | əʃ βestyrlemde |
| 1PL: | βestyrlemdəʃna | əʃna βestyrlemde |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdəʃda | əʃda βestyrlemde |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemdəʃt | əʃt βestyrlemde |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βestyrlemdenam | βestyrlemden oməl |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemdenat | βestyrlemden otəl |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemden | βestyrlemden ogəl |
| 1PL: | βestyrlemdenːa | βestyrlemden onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdenda | βestyrlemden odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemdenət | βestyrlemden ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βestyrlemdem əʎe | om βestyrlemde əʎe |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemdet əʎe | ot βestyrlemde əʎe |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemda əʎe | ok/ogeʃ βestyrlemde əʎe |
| 1PL: | βestyrlemdena əʎe | ona/ogəna βestyrlemde əʎe |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdeda əʎe | oda/ogəda βestyrlemde əʎe |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemdat əʎe | ogət βestyrlemde əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βestyrlemdem ulmaʃ | om βestyrlemde ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemdet ulmaʃ | ot βestyrlemde ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemda ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ βestyrlemde ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | βestyrlemdena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna βestyrlemde ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda βestyrlemde ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemdat ulmaʃ | ogət βestyrlemde ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βestyrlemdenam əʎe | βestyrlemden oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemdenat əʎe | βestyrlemden otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemden əʎe | βestyrlemden ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | βestyrlemdenːa əʎe | βestyrlemden onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdenda əʎe | βestyrlemden odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemden əʎe | βestyrlemden ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βestyrlemdenam ulmaʃ | βestyrlemden oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemdenat ulmaʃ | βestyrlemden otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemden ulmaʃ | βestyrlemden ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | βestyrlemdenːa ulmaʃ | βestyrlemden onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdenda ulmaʃ | βestyrlemden odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemden ulmaʃ | βestyrlemden ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemde | it βestyrlemde |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemdəʒe | ənʒe βestyrlemde |
| 1PL: | (βestyrlemdena) | (ona/ogəna βestyrlemde) |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdəza | ida βestyrlemde |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemdəʃt | ənəʃt βestyrlemde |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βestyrlemdənem | ənem βestyrlemde |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemdənet | ənet βestyrlemde |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemdəneʒe | əneʒ βestyrlemde |
| 1PL: | βestyrlemdənena | ənena βestyrlemde |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdəneda | əneda βestyrlemde |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemdəneʃt | əneʃt βestyrlemde |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βestyrlemdənem əʎe | ənem βestyrlemde əʎe |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemdənena əʎe | ənet βestyrlemde əʎe |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemdəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ βestyrlemde əʎe |
| 1PL: | βestyrlemdənena əʎe | ənena βestyrlemde əʎe |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdəneda əʎe | əneda βestyrlemde əʎe |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemdəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt βestyrlemde əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βestyrlemdənet ulmaʃ | ənet βestyrlemde ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βestyrlemdəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ βestyrlemde ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βestyrlemdəneda ulmaʃ | əneda βestyrlemde ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βestyrlemdəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt βestyrlemde ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βestyrlemdaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βestyrlemdəman |
| Active participle: | βestyrlemdəʃe |
| Passive participle: | βestyrlemdəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βestyrlemdəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | βestyrlemdədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βestyrlemden |
| Negative gerund: | βestyrlemdəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | βestyrlemdəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βestyrlemdəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βestyrlemdəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | βestyrlemdəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | βestyrlemdədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||