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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitńə̑kem | om βitńə̑k |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑ket | ot βitńə̑k |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑ka | ok/ogeš βitńə̑k |
| 1PL: | βitńə̑kena | ona/ogə̑na βitńə̑k |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑keda | oda/ogə̑da βitńə̑k |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑kat | ogə̑t βitńə̑k |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitńə̑kə̑šə̑m | šə̑m βitńə̑k |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑kə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ βitńə̑k |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑kə̑š | ə̑š βitńə̑k |
| 1PL: | βitńə̑kə̑šna | ə̑šna βitńə̑k |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑kə̑šda | ə̑šda βitńə̑k |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑kə̑št | ə̑št βitńə̑k |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitńə̑kenam | βitńə̑ken omə̑l |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑kenat | βitńə̑ken otə̑l |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑ken | βitńə̑ken ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | βitńə̑kenna | βitńə̑ken onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑kenda | βitńə̑ken odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑kenə̑t | βitńə̑ken ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitńə̑kem ə̑l'e | om βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑ket ə̑l'e | ot βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑ka ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βitńə̑kena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑keda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑kat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitńə̑kem ulmaš | om βitńə̑k ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑ket ulmaš | ot βitńə̑k ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑ka ulmaš | ok/ogeš βitńə̑k ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βitńə̑kena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na βitńə̑k ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑keda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da βitńə̑k ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑kat ulmaš | ogə̑t βitńə̑k ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitńə̑kenam ə̑l'e | βitńə̑ken omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑kenat ə̑l'e | βitńə̑ken otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑ken ə̑l'e | βitńə̑ken ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βitńə̑kenna ə̑l'e | βitńə̑ken onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑kenda ə̑l'e | βitńə̑ken odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑ken ə̑l'e | βitńə̑ken ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitńə̑kenam ulmaš | βitńə̑ken omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑kenat ulmaš | βitńə̑ken otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑ken ulmaš | βitńə̑ken ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βitńə̑kenna ulmaš | βitńə̑ken onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑kenda ulmaš | βitńə̑ken odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑ken ulmaš | βitńə̑ken ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑k | it βitńə̑k |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑kše | ə̑nže βitńə̑k |
| 1PL: | (βitńə̑kena) | (ona/ogə̑na βitńə̑k) |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑ksa | ida βitńə̑k |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑kə̑št | ə̑nə̑št βitńə̑k |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitńə̑knem | ə̑nem βitńə̑k |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑knet | ə̑net βitńə̑k |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑kneže | ə̑než βitńə̑k |
| 1PL: | βitńə̑knena | ə̑nena βitńə̑k |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑kneda | ə̑neda βitńə̑k |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑knešt | ə̑nešt βitńə̑k |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitńə̑knem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑knena ə̑l'e | ə̑net βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑kneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βitńə̑knena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑kneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑knešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt βitńə̑k ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βitńə̑knet ulmaš | ə̑net βitńə̑k ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βitńə̑kneže ulmaš | ə̑než βitńə̑k ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βitńə̑kneda ulmaš | ə̑neda βitńə̑k ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βitńə̑knešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt βitńə̑k ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βitńə̑kaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βitńə̑kman |
| Active participle: | βitńə̑kše |
| Passive participle: | βitńə̑kme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βitńə̑kšaš |
| Negative participle: | βitńə̑kdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βitńə̑ken |
| Negative gerund: | βitńə̑kde |
| Gerund of prior action: | βitńə̑kmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βitńə̑kmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βitńə̑kšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | βitńə̑kmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | βitńə̑kdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||