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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | zernam | om zerna |
| 2SG: | zernat | ot zerna |
| 3SG: | zerna | ok/ogeʃ zerna |
| 1PL: | zernana | ona/ogəna zerna |
| 2PL: | zernada | oda/ogəda zerna |
| 3PL: | zernat | ogət zerna |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | zernaʃəm | ʃəm zerna |
| 2SG: | zernaʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ zerna |
| 3SG: | zernaʃ | əʃ zerna |
| 1PL: | zernaʃna | əʃna zerna |
| 2PL: | zernaʃda | əʃda zerna |
| 3PL: | zernaʃt | əʃt zerna |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | zernanam | zernan oməl |
| 2SG: | zernanat | zernan otəl |
| 3SG: | zernan | zernan ogəl |
| 1PL: | zernanːa | zernan onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | zernanda | zernan odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | zernanət | zernan ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | zernam əʎe | om zerna əʎe |
| 2SG: | zernat əʎe | ot zerna əʎe |
| 3SG: | zerna əʎe | ok/ogeʃ zerna əʎe |
| 1PL: | zernana əʎe | ona/ogəna zerna əʎe |
| 2PL: | zernada əʎe | oda/ogəda zerna əʎe |
| 3PL: | zernat əʎe | ogət zerna əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | zernam ulmaʃ | om zerna ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | zernat ulmaʃ | ot zerna ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | zerna ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ zerna ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | zernana ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna zerna ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | zernada ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda zerna ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | zernat ulmaʃ | ogət zerna ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | zernanam əʎe | zernan oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | zernanat əʎe | zernan otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | zernan əʎe | zernan ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | zernanːa əʎe | zernan onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | zernanda əʎe | zernan odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | zernan əʎe | zernan ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | zernanam ulmaʃ | zernan oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | zernanat ulmaʃ | zernan otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | zernan ulmaʃ | zernan ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | zernanːa ulmaʃ | zernan onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | zernanda ulmaʃ | zernan odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | zernan ulmaʃ | zernan ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | zerna | it zerna |
| 3SG: | zernaʒe | ənʒe zerna |
| 1PL: | (zernana) | (ona/ogəna zerna) |
| 2PL: | zernaza | ida zerna |
| 3PL: | zernaʃt | ənəʃt zerna |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | zernanem | ənem zerna |
| 2SG: | zernanet | ənet zerna |
| 3SG: | zernaneʒe | əneʒ zerna |
| 1PL: | zernanena | ənena zerna |
| 2PL: | zernaneda | əneda zerna |
| 3PL: | zernaneʃt | əneʃt zerna |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | zernanem əʎe | ənem zerna əʎe |
| 2SG: | zernanena əʎe | ənet zerna əʎe |
| 3SG: | zernaneʒe əʎe | əneʒ zerna əʎe |
| 1PL: | zernanena əʎe | ənena zerna əʎe |
| 2PL: | zernaneda əʎe | əneda zerna əʎe |
| 3PL: | zernaneʃt əʎe | əneʃt zerna əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | zernanet ulmaʃ | ənet zerna ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | zernaneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ zerna ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | zernaneda ulmaʃ | əneda zerna ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | zernaneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt zerna ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | zernaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | zernaman |
| Active participle: | zernaʃe |
| Passive participle: | zername |
| Future-necessitive participle: | zernaʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | zernadəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | zernan |
| Negative gerund: | zernade |
| Gerund of prior action: | zernamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | zernameʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | zernaʃəla |
| Nominalization: | zernamaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | zernadəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||