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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kakaʃ (-jem) |
| Genitive: | kakaʃ (-jem)ən |
| Dative: | kakaʃ (-jem)lan |
| Accusative: | kakaʃ (-jem)əm |
| Comparative: | kakaʃ (-jem)la |
| Comitative: | kakaʃ (-jem)ge |
| Inessive: | kakaʃ (-jem)əʃte |
| Illative: | kakaʃ (-jem)əʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kakaʃ (-jem)jeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kakaʃ (-jem)jem |
| 2SG: | kakaʃ (-jem)jet |
| 3SG: | kakaʃ (-jem)ʒe |
| 1PL: | kakaʃ (-jem)na |
| 2PL: | kakaʃ (-jem)da |
| 3PL: | kakaʃ (-jem)əʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kakaʃ (-jem)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kakaʃ (-jem)la |
| Sociative Plural: | kakaʃ (-jem)mət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kakaʃ (-jem)jem | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlak | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakem, kakaʃ (-jem)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kakaʃ (-jem)jemən | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakən | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakemən, kakaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kakaʃ (-jem)jemlan, kakaʃ (-jem)lanem | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlaklan | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakemlan, kakaʃ (-jem)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kakaʃ (-jem)jeməm | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakəm | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakeməm, kakaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kakaʃ (-jem)jemla, kakaʃ (-jem)lam | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakla | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakemla, kakaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kakaʃ (-jem)jemge | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakge | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakemge, kakaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kakaʃ (-jem)əʃtem | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃte | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃtem, kakaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kakaʃ (-jem)əʃkem | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃ(ke) | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃkem, kakaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kakaʃ (-jem)jeʃem | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakeʃ | kakaʃ (-jem)-βlakeʃem, kakaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||