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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaŋem | om kaltaŋe |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋet | ot kaltaŋe |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋa | ok/ogeš kaltaŋe |
| 1PL: | kaltaŋena | ona/ogə̑na kaltaŋe |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋeda | oda/ogə̑da kaltaŋe |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋat | ogə̑t kaltaŋe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaŋə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kaltaŋe |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kaltaŋe |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋə̑š | ə̑š kaltaŋe |
| 1PL: | kaltaŋə̑šna | ə̑šna kaltaŋe |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋə̑šda | ə̑šda kaltaŋe |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋə̑št | ə̑št kaltaŋe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaŋenam | kaltaŋen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋenat | kaltaŋen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋen | kaltaŋen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kaltaŋenna | kaltaŋen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋenda | kaltaŋen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋenə̑t | kaltaŋen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaŋem ə̑l'e | om kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋet ə̑l'e | ot kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋa ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaltaŋena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaŋem ulmaš | om kaltaŋe ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋet ulmaš | ot kaltaŋe ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋa ulmaš | ok/ogeš kaltaŋe ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaltaŋena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kaltaŋe ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kaltaŋe ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋat ulmaš | ogə̑t kaltaŋe ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaŋenam ə̑l'e | kaltaŋen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋenat ə̑l'e | kaltaŋen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋen ə̑l'e | kaltaŋen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaltaŋenna ə̑l'e | kaltaŋen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋenda ə̑l'e | kaltaŋen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋen ə̑l'e | kaltaŋen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaŋenam ulmaš | kaltaŋen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋenat ulmaš | kaltaŋen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋen ulmaš | kaltaŋen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaltaŋenna ulmaš | kaltaŋen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋenda ulmaš | kaltaŋen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋen ulmaš | kaltaŋen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋe | it kaltaŋe |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋə̑že | ə̑nže kaltaŋe |
| 1PL: | (kaltaŋena) | (ona/ogə̑na kaltaŋe) |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋə̑za | ida kaltaŋe |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kaltaŋe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaŋə̑nem | ə̑nem kaltaŋe |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋə̑net | ə̑net kaltaŋe |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋə̑neže | ə̑než kaltaŋe |
| 1PL: | kaltaŋə̑nena | ə̑nena kaltaŋe |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋə̑neda | ə̑neda kaltaŋe |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kaltaŋe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaŋə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaltaŋə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kaltaŋe ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaltaŋə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kaltaŋe ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaltaŋə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kaltaŋe ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kaltaŋə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kaltaŋe ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaltaŋə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kaltaŋe ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kaltaŋaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kaltaŋə̑man |
| Active participle: | kaltaŋə̑še |
| Passive participle: | kaltaŋə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kaltaŋə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kaltaŋə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kaltaŋen |
| Negative gerund: | kaltaŋə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kaltaŋə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kaltaŋə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kaltaŋə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kaltaŋə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kaltaŋə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||