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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | koptaraʃ (-jem) |
| Genitive: | koptaraʃ (-jem)ən |
| Dative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)lan |
| Accusative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)əm |
| Comparative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)la |
| Comitative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)ge |
| Inessive: | koptaraʃ (-jem)əʃte |
| Illative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)əʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)jeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | koptaraʃ (-jem)jem |
| 2SG: | koptaraʃ (-jem)jet |
| 3SG: | koptaraʃ (-jem)ʒe |
| 1PL: | koptaraʃ (-jem)na |
| 2PL: | koptaraʃ (-jem)da |
| 3PL: | koptaraʃ (-jem)əʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | koptaraʃ (-jem)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | koptaraʃ (-jem)la |
| Sociative Plural: | koptaraʃ (-jem)mət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)jem | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlak | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakem, koptaraʃ (-jem)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | koptaraʃ (-jem)jemən | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakən | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakemən, koptaraʃ (-jem)jem-βlakən |
| Dative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)jemlan, koptaraʃ (-jem)lanem | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlaklan | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakemlan, koptaraʃ (-jem)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)jeməm | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakəm | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakeməm, koptaraʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)jemla, koptaraʃ (-jem)lam | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakla | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakemla, koptaraʃ (-jem)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)jemge | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakge | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakemge, koptaraʃ (-jem)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | koptaraʃ (-jem)əʃtem | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃte | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃtem, koptaraʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)əʃkem | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃ(ke) | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃkem, koptaraʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | koptaraʃ (-jem)jeʃem | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakeʃ | koptaraʃ (-jem)-βlakeʃem, koptaraʃ (-jem)jem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||