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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtaŋem | om koʃtaŋe |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋet | ot koʃtaŋe |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋa | ok/ogeʃ koʃtaŋe |
| 1PL: | koʃtaŋena | ona/ogəna koʃtaŋe |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋeda | oda/ogəda koʃtaŋe |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋat | ogət koʃtaŋe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtaŋəʃəm | ʃəm koʃtaŋe |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ koʃtaŋe |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋəʃ | əʃ koʃtaŋe |
| 1PL: | koʃtaŋəʃna | əʃna koʃtaŋe |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋəʃda | əʃda koʃtaŋe |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋəʃt | əʃt koʃtaŋe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtaŋenam | koʃtaŋen oməl |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋenat | koʃtaŋen otəl |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋen | koʃtaŋen ogəl |
| 1PL: | koʃtaŋenːa | koʃtaŋen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋenda | koʃtaŋen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋenət | koʃtaŋen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtaŋem əʎe | om koʃtaŋe əʎe |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋet əʎe | ot koʃtaŋe əʎe |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ koʃtaŋe əʎe |
| 1PL: | koʃtaŋena əʎe | ona/ogəna koʃtaŋe əʎe |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋeda əʎe | oda/ogəda koʃtaŋe əʎe |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋat əʎe | ogət koʃtaŋe əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtaŋem ulmaʃ | om koʃtaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋet ulmaʃ | ot koʃtaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ koʃtaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | koʃtaŋena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna koʃtaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda koʃtaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋat ulmaʃ | ogət koʃtaŋe ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtaŋenam əʎe | koʃtaŋen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋenat əʎe | koʃtaŋen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋen əʎe | koʃtaŋen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | koʃtaŋenːa əʎe | koʃtaŋen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋenda əʎe | koʃtaŋen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋen əʎe | koʃtaŋen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtaŋenam ulmaʃ | koʃtaŋen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋenat ulmaʃ | koʃtaŋen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋen ulmaʃ | koʃtaŋen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | koʃtaŋenːa ulmaʃ | koʃtaŋen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋenda ulmaʃ | koʃtaŋen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋen ulmaʃ | koʃtaŋen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋe | it koʃtaŋe |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋəʒe | ənʒe koʃtaŋe |
| 1PL: | (koʃtaŋena) | (ona/ogəna koʃtaŋe) |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋəza | ida koʃtaŋe |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋəʃt | ənəʃt koʃtaŋe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtaŋənem | ənem koʃtaŋe |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋənet | ənet koʃtaŋe |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋəneʒe | əneʒ koʃtaŋe |
| 1PL: | koʃtaŋənena | ənena koʃtaŋe |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋəneda | əneda koʃtaŋe |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋəneʃt | əneʃt koʃtaŋe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koʃtaŋənem əʎe | ənem koʃtaŋe əʎe |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋənena əʎe | ənet koʃtaŋe əʎe |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ koʃtaŋe əʎe |
| 1PL: | koʃtaŋənena əʎe | ənena koʃtaŋe əʎe |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋəneda əʎe | əneda koʃtaŋe əʎe |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt koʃtaŋe əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koʃtaŋənet ulmaʃ | ənet koʃtaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | koʃtaŋəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ koʃtaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | koʃtaŋəneda ulmaʃ | əneda koʃtaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | koʃtaŋəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt koʃtaŋe ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | koʃtaŋaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | koʃtaŋəman |
| Active participle: | koʃtaŋəʃe |
| Passive participle: | koʃtaŋəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | koʃtaŋəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | koʃtaŋədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | koʃtaŋen |
| Negative gerund: | koʃtaŋəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | koʃtaŋəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | koʃtaŋəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | koʃtaŋəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | koʃtaŋəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | koʃtaŋədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||