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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuʒem | om kuʒo |
| 2SG: | kuʒet | ot kuʒo |
| 3SG: | kuʒa | ok/ogeʃ kuʒo |
| 1PL: | kuʒena | ona/ogəna kuʒo |
| 2PL: | kuʒeda | oda/ogəda kuʒo |
| 3PL: | kuʒat | ogət kuʒo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuʒəʃəm | ʃəm kuʒo |
| 2SG: | kuʒəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ kuʒo |
| 3SG: | kuʒəʃ | əʃ kuʒo |
| 1PL: | kuʒəʃna | əʃna kuʒo |
| 2PL: | kuʒəʃda | əʃda kuʒo |
| 3PL: | kuʒəʃt | əʃt kuʒo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuʒenam | kuʒen oməl |
| 2SG: | kuʒenat | kuʒen otəl |
| 3SG: | kuʒen | kuʒen ogəl |
| 1PL: | kuʒenːa | kuʒen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | kuʒenda | kuʒen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | kuʒenət | kuʒen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuʒem əʎe | om kuʒo əʎe |
| 2SG: | kuʒet əʎe | ot kuʒo əʎe |
| 3SG: | kuʒa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ kuʒo əʎe |
| 1PL: | kuʒena əʎe | ona/ogəna kuʒo əʎe |
| 2PL: | kuʒeda əʎe | oda/ogəda kuʒo əʎe |
| 3PL: | kuʒat əʎe | ogət kuʒo əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuʒem ulmaʃ | om kuʒo ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kuʒet ulmaʃ | ot kuʒo ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kuʒa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ kuʒo ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kuʒena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna kuʒo ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kuʒeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda kuʒo ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kuʒat ulmaʃ | ogət kuʒo ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuʒenam əʎe | kuʒen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | kuʒenat əʎe | kuʒen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | kuʒen əʎe | kuʒen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | kuʒenːa əʎe | kuʒen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | kuʒenda əʎe | kuʒen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | kuʒen əʎe | kuʒen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuʒenam ulmaʃ | kuʒen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kuʒenat ulmaʃ | kuʒen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kuʒen ulmaʃ | kuʒen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kuʒenːa ulmaʃ | kuʒen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kuʒenda ulmaʃ | kuʒen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kuʒen ulmaʃ | kuʒen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuʒo | it kuʒo |
| 3SG: | kuʒəʒo | ənʒe kuʒo |
| 1PL: | (kuʒena) | (ona/ogəna kuʒo) |
| 2PL: | kuʒəza | ida kuʒo |
| 3PL: | kuʒəʃt | ənəʃt kuʒo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuʒənem | ənem kuʒo |
| 2SG: | kuʒənet | ənet kuʒo |
| 3SG: | kuʒəneʒe | əneʒ kuʒo |
| 1PL: | kuʒənena | ənena kuʒo |
| 2PL: | kuʒəneda | əneda kuʒo |
| 3PL: | kuʒəneʃt | əneʃt kuʒo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuʒənem əʎe | ənem kuʒo əʎe |
| 2SG: | kuʒənena əʎe | ənet kuʒo əʎe |
| 3SG: | kuʒəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ kuʒo əʎe |
| 1PL: | kuʒənena əʎe | ənena kuʒo əʎe |
| 2PL: | kuʒəneda əʎe | əneda kuʒo əʎe |
| 3PL: | kuʒəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt kuʒo əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuʒənet ulmaʃ | ənet kuʒo ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kuʒəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ kuʒo ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kuʒəneda ulmaʃ | əneda kuʒo ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kuʒəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt kuʒo ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kuʒaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kuʒəman |
| Active participle: | kuʒəʃo |
| Passive participle: | kuʒəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kuʒəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | kuʒədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kuʒen |
| Negative gerund: | kuʒəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kuʒəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kuʒəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kuʒəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | kuʒəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | kuʒədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||