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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kulapaŋem | om kulapaŋe |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋet | ot kulapaŋe |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋa | ok/ogeʃ kulapaŋe |
| 1PL: | kulapaŋena | ona/ogəna kulapaŋe |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋeda | oda/ogəda kulapaŋe |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋat | ogət kulapaŋe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kulapaŋəʃəm | ʃəm kulapaŋe |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ kulapaŋe |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋəʃ | əʃ kulapaŋe |
| 1PL: | kulapaŋəʃna | əʃna kulapaŋe |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋəʃda | əʃda kulapaŋe |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋəʃt | əʃt kulapaŋe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kulapaŋenam | kulapaŋen oməl |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋenat | kulapaŋen otəl |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋen | kulapaŋen ogəl |
| 1PL: | kulapaŋenːa | kulapaŋen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋenda | kulapaŋen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋenət | kulapaŋen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kulapaŋem əʎe | om kulapaŋe əʎe |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋet əʎe | ot kulapaŋe əʎe |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ kulapaŋe əʎe |
| 1PL: | kulapaŋena əʎe | ona/ogəna kulapaŋe əʎe |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋeda əʎe | oda/ogəda kulapaŋe əʎe |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋat əʎe | ogət kulapaŋe əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kulapaŋem ulmaʃ | om kulapaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋet ulmaʃ | ot kulapaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ kulapaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kulapaŋena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna kulapaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda kulapaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋat ulmaʃ | ogət kulapaŋe ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kulapaŋenam əʎe | kulapaŋen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋenat əʎe | kulapaŋen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋen əʎe | kulapaŋen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | kulapaŋenːa əʎe | kulapaŋen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋenda əʎe | kulapaŋen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋen əʎe | kulapaŋen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kulapaŋenam ulmaʃ | kulapaŋen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋenat ulmaʃ | kulapaŋen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋen ulmaʃ | kulapaŋen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kulapaŋenːa ulmaʃ | kulapaŋen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋenda ulmaʃ | kulapaŋen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋen ulmaʃ | kulapaŋen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋe | it kulapaŋe |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋəʒe | ənʒe kulapaŋe |
| 1PL: | (kulapaŋena) | (ona/ogəna kulapaŋe) |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋəza | ida kulapaŋe |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋəʃt | ənəʃt kulapaŋe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kulapaŋənem | ənem kulapaŋe |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋənet | ənet kulapaŋe |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋəneʒe | əneʒ kulapaŋe |
| 1PL: | kulapaŋənena | ənena kulapaŋe |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋəneda | əneda kulapaŋe |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋəneʃt | əneʃt kulapaŋe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kulapaŋənem əʎe | ənem kulapaŋe əʎe |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋənena əʎe | ənet kulapaŋe əʎe |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ kulapaŋe əʎe |
| 1PL: | kulapaŋənena əʎe | ənena kulapaŋe əʎe |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋəneda əʎe | əneda kulapaŋe əʎe |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt kulapaŋe əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kulapaŋənet ulmaʃ | ənet kulapaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kulapaŋəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ kulapaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kulapaŋəneda ulmaʃ | əneda kulapaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kulapaŋəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt kulapaŋe ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kulapaŋaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kulapaŋəman |
| Active participle: | kulapaŋəʃe |
| Passive participle: | kulapaŋəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kulapaŋəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | kulapaŋədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kulapaŋen |
| Negative gerund: | kulapaŋəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kulapaŋəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kulapaŋəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kulapaŋəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | kulapaŋəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | kulapaŋədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||