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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem) |
| Genitive: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)ən |
| Dative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)lan |
| Accusative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)əm |
| Comparative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)la |
| Comitative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)ge |
| Inessive: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)əʃte |
| Illative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)əʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem |
| 2SG: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jet |
| 3SG: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)ʒe |
| 1PL: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)na |
| 2PL: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)da |
| 3PL: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)əʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)la |
| Sociative Plural: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)mət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlak | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakem, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jemən | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakən | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakemən, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakən |
| Dative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jemlan, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)lanem | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlaklan | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakemlan, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jeməm | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakəm | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakeməm, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jemla, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)lam | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakla | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakemla, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jemge | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakge | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakemge, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)əʃtem | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃte | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃtem, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)əʃkem | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃ(ke) | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakəʃkem, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jeʃem | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakeʃ | kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)-βlakeʃem, kəʃkarlaʃ (-jem)jem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||