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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltem | om köβalalte |
| 2SG: | köβalaltet | ot köβalalte |
| 3SG: | köβalalta | ok/ogeš köβalalte |
| 1PL: | köβalaltena | ona/ogə̑na köβalalte |
| 2PL: | köβalalteda | oda/ogə̑da köβalalte |
| 3PL: | köβalaltat | ogə̑t köβalalte |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltə̑šə̑m | šə̑m köβalalte |
| 2SG: | köβalaltə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ köβalalte |
| 3SG: | köβalaltə̑š | ə̑š köβalalte |
| 1PL: | köβalaltə̑šna | ə̑šna köβalalte |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑šda | ə̑šda köβalalte |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑št | ə̑št köβalalte |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltenam | köβalalten omə̑l |
| 2SG: | köβalaltenat | köβalalten otə̑l |
| 3SG: | köβalalten | köβalalten ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | köβalaltenna | köβalalten onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | köβalaltenda | köβalalten odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | köβalaltenə̑t | köβalalten ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltem ə̑l'e | om köβalalte ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | köβalaltet ə̑l'e | ot köβalalte ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | köβalalta ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš köβalalte ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | köβalaltena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na köβalalte ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | köβalalteda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da köβalalte ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | köβalaltat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t köβalalte ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltem ulmaš | om köβalalte ulmaš |
| 2SG: | köβalaltet ulmaš | ot köβalalte ulmaš |
| 3SG: | köβalalta ulmaš | ok/ogeš köβalalte ulmaš |
| 1PL: | köβalaltena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na köβalalte ulmaš |
| 2PL: | köβalalteda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da köβalalte ulmaš |
| 3PL: | köβalaltat ulmaš | ogə̑t köβalalte ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltenam ə̑l'e | köβalalten omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | köβalaltenat ə̑l'e | köβalalten otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | köβalalten ə̑l'e | köβalalten ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | köβalaltenna ə̑l'e | köβalalten onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | köβalaltenda ə̑l'e | köβalalten odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | köβalalten ə̑l'e | köβalalten ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltenam ulmaš | köβalalten omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | köβalaltenat ulmaš | köβalalten otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | köβalalten ulmaš | köβalalten ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | köβalaltenna ulmaš | köβalalten onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | köβalaltenda ulmaš | köβalalten odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | köβalalten ulmaš | köβalalten ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | köβalalte | it köβalalte |
| 3SG: | köβalaltə̑že | ə̑nže köβalalte |
| 1PL: | (köβalaltena) | (ona/ogə̑na köβalalte) |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑za | ida köβalalte |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št köβalalte |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltə̑nem | ə̑nem köβalalte |
| 2SG: | köβalaltə̑net | ə̑net köβalalte |
| 3SG: | köβalaltə̑neže | ə̑než köβalalte |
| 1PL: | köβalaltə̑nena | ə̑nena köβalalte |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑neda | ə̑neda köβalalte |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑nešt | ə̑nešt köβalalte |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem köβalalte ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | köβalaltə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net köβalalte ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | köβalaltə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než köβalalte ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | köβalaltə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena köβalalte ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda köβalalte ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt köβalalte ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | köβalaltə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net köβalalte ulmaš |
| 3SG: | köβalaltə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než köβalalte ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda köβalalte ulmaš |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt köβalalte ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | köβalaltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | köβalaltə̑man |
| Active participle: | köβalaltə̑še |
| Passive participle: | köβalaltə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | köβalaltə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | köβalaltə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | köβalalten |
| Negative gerund: | köβalaltə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | köβalaltə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | köβalaltə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | köβalaltə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | köβalaltə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | köβalaltə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||