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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nyʃtalem | om nyʃtale |
| 2SG: | nyʃtalet | ot nyʃtale |
| 3SG: | nyʃtala | ok/ogeʃ nyʃtale |
| 1PL: | nyʃtalena | ona/ogəna nyʃtale |
| 2PL: | nyʃtaleda | oda/ogəda nyʃtale |
| 3PL: | nyʃtalat | ogət nyʃtale |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nyʃtaləʃəm | ʃəm nyʃtale |
| 2SG: | nyʃtaləʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ nyʃtale |
| 3SG: | nyʃtaləʃ | əʃ nyʃtale |
| 1PL: | nyʃtaləʃna | əʃna nyʃtale |
| 2PL: | nyʃtaləʃda | əʃda nyʃtale |
| 3PL: | nyʃtaləʃt | əʃt nyʃtale |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nyʃtalenam | nyʃtalen oməl |
| 2SG: | nyʃtalenat | nyʃtalen otəl |
| 3SG: | nyʃtalen | nyʃtalen ogəl |
| 1PL: | nyʃtalenːa | nyʃtalen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | nyʃtalenda | nyʃtalen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | nyʃtalenət | nyʃtalen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nyʃtalem əʎe | om nyʃtale əʎe |
| 2SG: | nyʃtalet əʎe | ot nyʃtale əʎe |
| 3SG: | nyʃtala əʎe | ok/ogeʃ nyʃtale əʎe |
| 1PL: | nyʃtalena əʎe | ona/ogəna nyʃtale əʎe |
| 2PL: | nyʃtaleda əʎe | oda/ogəda nyʃtale əʎe |
| 3PL: | nyʃtalat əʎe | ogət nyʃtale əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nyʃtalem ulmaʃ | om nyʃtale ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | nyʃtalet ulmaʃ | ot nyʃtale ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | nyʃtala ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ nyʃtale ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | nyʃtalena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna nyʃtale ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | nyʃtaleda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda nyʃtale ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | nyʃtalat ulmaʃ | ogət nyʃtale ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nyʃtalenam əʎe | nyʃtalen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | nyʃtalenat əʎe | nyʃtalen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | nyʃtalen əʎe | nyʃtalen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | nyʃtalenːa əʎe | nyʃtalen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | nyʃtalenda əʎe | nyʃtalen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | nyʃtalen əʎe | nyʃtalen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nyʃtalenam ulmaʃ | nyʃtalen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | nyʃtalenat ulmaʃ | nyʃtalen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | nyʃtalen ulmaʃ | nyʃtalen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | nyʃtalenːa ulmaʃ | nyʃtalen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | nyʃtalenda ulmaʃ | nyʃtalen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | nyʃtalen ulmaʃ | nyʃtalen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | nyʃtale | it nyʃtale |
| 3SG: | nyʃtaləʒe | ənʒe nyʃtale |
| 1PL: | (nyʃtalena) | (ona/ogəna nyʃtale) |
| 2PL: | nyʃtaləza | ida nyʃtale |
| 3PL: | nyʃtaləʃt | ənəʃt nyʃtale |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nyʃtalənem | ənem nyʃtale |
| 2SG: | nyʃtalənet | ənet nyʃtale |
| 3SG: | nyʃtaləneʒe | əneʒ nyʃtale |
| 1PL: | nyʃtalənena | ənena nyʃtale |
| 2PL: | nyʃtaləneda | əneda nyʃtale |
| 3PL: | nyʃtaləneʃt | əneʃt nyʃtale |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nyʃtalənem əʎe | ənem nyʃtale əʎe |
| 2SG: | nyʃtalənena əʎe | ənet nyʃtale əʎe |
| 3SG: | nyʃtaləneʒe əʎe | əneʒ nyʃtale əʎe |
| 1PL: | nyʃtalənena əʎe | ənena nyʃtale əʎe |
| 2PL: | nyʃtaləneda əʎe | əneda nyʃtale əʎe |
| 3PL: | nyʃtaləneʃt əʎe | əneʃt nyʃtale əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | nyʃtalənet ulmaʃ | ənet nyʃtale ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | nyʃtaləneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ nyʃtale ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | nyʃtaləneda ulmaʃ | əneda nyʃtale ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | nyʃtaləneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt nyʃtale ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | nyʃtalaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | nyʃtaləman |
| Active participle: | nyʃtaləʃe |
| Passive participle: | nyʃtaləme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | nyʃtaləʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | nyʃtalədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | nyʃtalen |
| Negative gerund: | nyʃtaləde |
| Gerund of prior action: | nyʃtaləmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | nyʃtaləmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | nyʃtaləʃəla |
| Nominalization: | nyʃtaləmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | nyʃtalədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||