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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋem | om peŋe |
| 2SG: | peŋet | ot peŋe |
| 3SG: | peŋa | ok/ogeš peŋe |
| 1PL: | peŋena | ona/ogə̑na peŋe |
| 2PL: | peŋeda | oda/ogə̑da peŋe |
| 3PL: | peŋat | ogə̑t peŋe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋə̑šə̑m | šə̑m peŋe |
| 2SG: | peŋə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ peŋe |
| 3SG: | peŋə̑š | ə̑š peŋe |
| 1PL: | peŋə̑šna | ə̑šna peŋe |
| 2PL: | peŋə̑šda | ə̑šda peŋe |
| 3PL: | peŋə̑št | ə̑št peŋe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋenam | peŋen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | peŋenat | peŋen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | peŋen | peŋen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | peŋenna | peŋen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | peŋenda | peŋen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | peŋenə̑t | peŋen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋem ə̑l'e | om peŋe ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | peŋet ə̑l'e | ot peŋe ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | peŋa ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš peŋe ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | peŋena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na peŋe ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | peŋeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da peŋe ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | peŋat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t peŋe ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋem ulmaš | om peŋe ulmaš |
| 2SG: | peŋet ulmaš | ot peŋe ulmaš |
| 3SG: | peŋa ulmaš | ok/ogeš peŋe ulmaš |
| 1PL: | peŋena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na peŋe ulmaš |
| 2PL: | peŋeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da peŋe ulmaš |
| 3PL: | peŋat ulmaš | ogə̑t peŋe ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋenam ə̑l'e | peŋen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | peŋenat ə̑l'e | peŋen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | peŋen ə̑l'e | peŋen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | peŋenna ə̑l'e | peŋen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | peŋenda ə̑l'e | peŋen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | peŋen ə̑l'e | peŋen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋenam ulmaš | peŋen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | peŋenat ulmaš | peŋen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | peŋen ulmaš | peŋen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | peŋenna ulmaš | peŋen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | peŋenda ulmaš | peŋen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | peŋen ulmaš | peŋen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | peŋe | it peŋe |
| 3SG: | peŋə̑že | ə̑nže peŋe |
| 1PL: | (peŋena) | (ona/ogə̑na peŋe) |
| 2PL: | peŋə̑za | ida peŋe |
| 3PL: | peŋə̑št | ə̑nə̑št peŋe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋə̑nem | ə̑nem peŋe |
| 2SG: | peŋə̑net | ə̑net peŋe |
| 3SG: | peŋə̑neže | ə̑než peŋe |
| 1PL: | peŋə̑nena | ə̑nena peŋe |
| 2PL: | peŋə̑neda | ə̑neda peŋe |
| 3PL: | peŋə̑nešt | ə̑nešt peŋe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem peŋe ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | peŋə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net peŋe ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | peŋə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než peŋe ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | peŋə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena peŋe ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | peŋə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda peŋe ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | peŋə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt peŋe ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | peŋə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net peŋe ulmaš |
| 3SG: | peŋə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než peŋe ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | peŋə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda peŋe ulmaš |
| 3PL: | peŋə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt peŋe ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | peŋaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | peŋə̑man |
| Active participle: | peŋə̑še |
| Passive participle: | peŋə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | peŋə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | peŋə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | peŋen |
| Negative gerund: | peŋə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | peŋə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | peŋə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | peŋə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | peŋə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | peŋə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||