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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | poŋgaŋem | om poŋgaŋe |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋet | ot poŋgaŋe |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋa | ok/ogeʃ poŋgaŋe |
| 1PL: | poŋgaŋena | ona/ogəna poŋgaŋe |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋeda | oda/ogəda poŋgaŋe |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋat | ogət poŋgaŋe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | poŋgaŋəʃəm | ʃəm poŋgaŋe |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ poŋgaŋe |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋəʃ | əʃ poŋgaŋe |
| 1PL: | poŋgaŋəʃna | əʃna poŋgaŋe |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋəʃda | əʃda poŋgaŋe |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋəʃt | əʃt poŋgaŋe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | poŋgaŋenam | poŋgaŋen oməl |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋenat | poŋgaŋen otəl |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋen | poŋgaŋen ogəl |
| 1PL: | poŋgaŋenːa | poŋgaŋen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋenda | poŋgaŋen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋenət | poŋgaŋen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | poŋgaŋem əʎe | om poŋgaŋe əʎe |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋet əʎe | ot poŋgaŋe əʎe |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ poŋgaŋe əʎe |
| 1PL: | poŋgaŋena əʎe | ona/ogəna poŋgaŋe əʎe |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋeda əʎe | oda/ogəda poŋgaŋe əʎe |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋat əʎe | ogət poŋgaŋe əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | poŋgaŋem ulmaʃ | om poŋgaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋet ulmaʃ | ot poŋgaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ poŋgaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | poŋgaŋena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna poŋgaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda poŋgaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋat ulmaʃ | ogət poŋgaŋe ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | poŋgaŋenam əʎe | poŋgaŋen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋenat əʎe | poŋgaŋen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋen əʎe | poŋgaŋen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | poŋgaŋenːa əʎe | poŋgaŋen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋenda əʎe | poŋgaŋen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋen əʎe | poŋgaŋen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | poŋgaŋenam ulmaʃ | poŋgaŋen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋenat ulmaʃ | poŋgaŋen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋen ulmaʃ | poŋgaŋen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | poŋgaŋenːa ulmaʃ | poŋgaŋen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋenda ulmaʃ | poŋgaŋen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋen ulmaʃ | poŋgaŋen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋe | it poŋgaŋe |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋəʒe | ənʒe poŋgaŋe |
| 1PL: | (poŋgaŋena) | (ona/ogəna poŋgaŋe) |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋəza | ida poŋgaŋe |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋəʃt | ənəʃt poŋgaŋe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | poŋgaŋənem | ənem poŋgaŋe |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋənet | ənet poŋgaŋe |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋəneʒe | əneʒ poŋgaŋe |
| 1PL: | poŋgaŋənena | ənena poŋgaŋe |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋəneda | əneda poŋgaŋe |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋəneʃt | əneʃt poŋgaŋe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | poŋgaŋənem əʎe | ənem poŋgaŋe əʎe |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋənena əʎe | ənet poŋgaŋe əʎe |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ poŋgaŋe əʎe |
| 1PL: | poŋgaŋənena əʎe | ənena poŋgaŋe əʎe |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋəneda əʎe | əneda poŋgaŋe əʎe |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt poŋgaŋe əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | poŋgaŋənet ulmaʃ | ənet poŋgaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | poŋgaŋəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ poŋgaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | poŋgaŋəneda ulmaʃ | əneda poŋgaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | poŋgaŋəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt poŋgaŋe ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | poŋgaŋaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | poŋgaŋəman |
| Active participle: | poŋgaŋəʃe |
| Passive participle: | poŋgaŋəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | poŋgaŋəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | poŋgaŋədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | poŋgaŋen |
| Negative gerund: | poŋgaŋəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | poŋgaŋəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | poŋgaŋəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | poŋgaŋəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | poŋgaŋəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | poŋgaŋədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||