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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | ruštkaš (-jem) |
| Genitive: | ruštkaš (-jem)ə̑n |
| Dative: | ruštkaš (-jem)lan |
| Accusative: | ruštkaš (-jem)ə̑m |
| Comparative: | ruštkaš (-jem)la |
| Comitative: | ruštkaš (-jem)ge |
| Inessive: | ruštkaš (-jem)ə̑šte |
| Illative: | ruštkaš (-jem)ə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | ruštkaš (-jem)ješ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | ruštkaš (-jem)jem |
| 2SG: | ruštkaš (-jem)jet |
| 3SG: | ruštkaš (-jem)že |
| 1PL: | ruštkaš (-jem)na |
| 2PL: | ruštkaš (-jem)da |
| 3PL: | ruštkaš (-jem)ə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | ruštkaš (-jem)-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | ruštkaš (-jem)la |
| Sociative Plural: | ruštkaš (-jem)mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | ruštkaš (-jem)jem | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlak | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakem, ruštkaš (-jem)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | ruštkaš (-jem)jemə̑n | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakə̑n | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakemə̑n, ruštkaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | ruštkaš (-jem)jemlan, ruštkaš (-jem)lanem | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlaklan | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakemlan, ruštkaš (-jem)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | ruštkaš (-jem)jemə̑m | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakə̑m | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakemə̑m, ruštkaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | ruštkaš (-jem)jemla, ruštkaš (-jem)lam | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakla | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakemla, ruštkaš (-jem)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | ruštkaš (-jem)jemge | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakge | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakemge, ruštkaš (-jem)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | ruštkaš (-jem)ə̑štem | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakə̑šte | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakə̑štem, ruštkaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | ruštkaš (-jem)ə̑škem | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakə̑š(ke) | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakə̑škem, ruštkaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | ruštkaš (-jem)ješem | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakeš | ruštkaš (-jem)-βlakešem, ruštkaš (-jem)jem-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||