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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapem | om sap |
| 2SG: | sapet | ot sap |
| 3SG: | sapa | ok/ogeʃ sap |
| 1PL: | sapena | ona/ogəna sap |
| 2PL: | sapeda | oda/ogəda sap |
| 3PL: | sapat | ogət sap |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapəʃəm | ʃəm sap |
| 2SG: | sapəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ sap |
| 3SG: | sapəʃ | əʃ sap |
| 1PL: | sapəʃna | əʃna sap |
| 2PL: | sapəʃda | əʃda sap |
| 3PL: | sapəʃt | əʃt sap |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapenam | sapen oməl |
| 2SG: | sapenat | sapen otəl |
| 3SG: | sapen | sapen ogəl |
| 1PL: | sapenːa | sapen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | sapenda | sapen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | sapenət | sapen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapem əʎe | om sap əʎe |
| 2SG: | sapet əʎe | ot sap əʎe |
| 3SG: | sapa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ sap əʎe |
| 1PL: | sapena əʎe | ona/ogəna sap əʎe |
| 2PL: | sapeda əʎe | oda/ogəda sap əʎe |
| 3PL: | sapat əʎe | ogət sap əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapem ulmaʃ | om sap ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | sapet ulmaʃ | ot sap ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | sapa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ sap ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | sapena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna sap ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | sapeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda sap ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | sapat ulmaʃ | ogət sap ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapenam əʎe | sapen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | sapenat əʎe | sapen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | sapen əʎe | sapen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | sapenːa əʎe | sapen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | sapenda əʎe | sapen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | sapen əʎe | sapen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapenam ulmaʃ | sapen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | sapenat ulmaʃ | sapen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | sapen ulmaʃ | sapen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | sapenːa ulmaʃ | sapen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | sapenda ulmaʃ | sapen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | sapen ulmaʃ | sapen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sap | it sap |
| 3SG: | sapʃe | ənʒe sap |
| 1PL: | (sapena) | (ona/ogəna sap) |
| 2PL: | sapsa | ida sap |
| 3PL: | sapəʃt | ənəʃt sap |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnem | ənem sap |
| 2SG: | sapnet | ənet sap |
| 3SG: | sapneʒe | əneʒ sap |
| 1PL: | sapnena | ənena sap |
| 2PL: | sapneda | əneda sap |
| 3PL: | sapneʃt | əneʃt sap |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnem əʎe | ənem sap əʎe |
| 2SG: | sapnena əʎe | ənet sap əʎe |
| 3SG: | sapneʒe əʎe | əneʒ sap əʎe |
| 1PL: | sapnena əʎe | ənena sap əʎe |
| 2PL: | sapneda əʎe | əneda sap əʎe |
| 3PL: | sapneʃt əʎe | əneʃt sap əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapnet ulmaʃ | ənet sap ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | sapneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ sap ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sapneda ulmaʃ | əneda sap ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | sapneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt sap ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sapaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sapman |
| Active participle: | sapʃe |
| Passive participle: | sapme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sapʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | sapdəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sapen |
| Negative gerund: | sapde |
| Gerund of prior action: | sapmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sapmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sapʃəla |
| Nominalization: | sapmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | sapdəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||