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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃaŋem | om toʃaŋe |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋet | ot toʃaŋe |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋa | ok/ogeʃ toʃaŋe |
| 1PL: | toʃaŋena | ona/ogəna toʃaŋe |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋeda | oda/ogəda toʃaŋe |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋat | ogət toʃaŋe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃaŋəʃəm | ʃəm toʃaŋe |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toʃaŋe |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋəʃ | əʃ toʃaŋe |
| 1PL: | toʃaŋəʃna | əʃna toʃaŋe |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋəʃda | əʃda toʃaŋe |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋəʃt | əʃt toʃaŋe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃaŋenam | toʃaŋen oməl |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋenat | toʃaŋen otəl |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋen | toʃaŋen ogəl |
| 1PL: | toʃaŋenːa | toʃaŋen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋenda | toʃaŋen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋenət | toʃaŋen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃaŋem əʎe | om toʃaŋe əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋet əʎe | ot toʃaŋe əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toʃaŋe əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃaŋena əʎe | ona/ogəna toʃaŋe əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋeda əʎe | oda/ogəda toʃaŋe əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋat əʎe | ogət toʃaŋe əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃaŋem ulmaʃ | om toʃaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋet ulmaʃ | ot toʃaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toʃaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃaŋena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toʃaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toʃaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋat ulmaʃ | ogət toʃaŋe ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃaŋenam əʎe | toʃaŋen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋenat əʎe | toʃaŋen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋen əʎe | toʃaŋen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃaŋenːa əʎe | toʃaŋen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋenda əʎe | toʃaŋen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋen əʎe | toʃaŋen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃaŋenam ulmaʃ | toʃaŋen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋenat ulmaʃ | toʃaŋen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋen ulmaʃ | toʃaŋen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃaŋenːa ulmaʃ | toʃaŋen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋenda ulmaʃ | toʃaŋen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋen ulmaʃ | toʃaŋen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋe | it toʃaŋe |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋəʒe | ənʒe toʃaŋe |
| 1PL: | (toʃaŋena) | (ona/ogəna toʃaŋe) |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋəza | ida toʃaŋe |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋəʃt | ənəʃt toʃaŋe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃaŋənem | ənem toʃaŋe |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋənet | ənet toʃaŋe |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋəneʒe | əneʒ toʃaŋe |
| 1PL: | toʃaŋənena | ənena toʃaŋe |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋəneda | əneda toʃaŋe |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋəneʃt | əneʃt toʃaŋe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃaŋənem əʎe | ənem toʃaŋe əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋənena əʎe | ənet toʃaŋe əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toʃaŋe əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃaŋənena əʎe | ənena toʃaŋe əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋəneda əʎe | əneda toʃaŋe əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toʃaŋe əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃaŋənet ulmaʃ | ənet toʃaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃaŋəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toʃaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toʃaŋəneda ulmaʃ | əneda toʃaŋe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃaŋəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toʃaŋe ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toʃaŋaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toʃaŋəman |
| Active participle: | toʃaŋəʃe |
| Passive participle: | toʃaŋəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toʃaŋəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | toʃaŋədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toʃaŋen |
| Negative gerund: | toʃaŋəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toʃaŋəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toʃaŋəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toʃaŋəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | toʃaŋəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | toʃaŋədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||