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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtem | om toʃto |
| 2SG: | toʃtet | ot toʃto |
| 3SG: | toʃta | ok/ogeʃ toʃto |
| 1PL: | toʃtena | ona/ogəna toʃto |
| 2PL: | toʃteda | oda/ogəda toʃto |
| 3PL: | toʃtat | ogət toʃto |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtəʃəm | ʃəm toʃto |
| 2SG: | toʃtəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toʃto |
| 3SG: | toʃtəʃ | əʃ toʃto |
| 1PL: | toʃtəʃna | əʃna toʃto |
| 2PL: | toʃtəʃda | əʃda toʃto |
| 3PL: | toʃtəʃt | əʃt toʃto |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtenam | toʃten oməl |
| 2SG: | toʃtenat | toʃten otəl |
| 3SG: | toʃten | toʃten ogəl |
| 1PL: | toʃtenːa | toʃten onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | toʃtenda | toʃten odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | toʃtenət | toʃten ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtem əʎe | om toʃto əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtet əʎe | ot toʃto əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃta əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toʃto əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtena əʎe | ona/ogəna toʃto əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃteda əʎe | oda/ogəda toʃto əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃtat əʎe | ogət toʃto əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtem ulmaʃ | om toʃto ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃtet ulmaʃ | ot toʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃta ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toʃto ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃtena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toʃto ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃteda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃtat ulmaʃ | ogət toʃto ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtenam əʎe | toʃten oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtenat əʎe | toʃten otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃten əʎe | toʃten ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtenːa əʎe | toʃten onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃtenda əʎe | toʃten odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃten əʎe | toʃten ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtenam ulmaʃ | toʃten oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃtenat ulmaʃ | toʃten otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃten ulmaʃ | toʃten ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃtenːa ulmaʃ | toʃten onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃtenda ulmaʃ | toʃten odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃten ulmaʃ | toʃten ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃto | it toʃto |
| 3SG: | toʃtəʒo | ənʒe toʃto |
| 1PL: | (toʃtena) | (ona/ogəna toʃto) |
| 2PL: | toʃtəza | ida toʃto |
| 3PL: | toʃtəʃt | ənəʃt toʃto |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtənem | ənem toʃto |
| 2SG: | toʃtənet | ənet toʃto |
| 3SG: | toʃtəneʒe | əneʒ toʃto |
| 1PL: | toʃtənena | ənena toʃto |
| 2PL: | toʃtəneda | əneda toʃto |
| 3PL: | toʃtəneʃt | əneʃt toʃto |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtənem əʎe | ənem toʃto əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtənena əʎe | ənet toʃto əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃtəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toʃto əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtənena əʎe | ənena toʃto əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃtəneda əʎe | əneda toʃto əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃtəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toʃto əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃtənet ulmaʃ | ənet toʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃtəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toʃto ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toʃtəneda ulmaʃ | əneda toʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃtəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toʃto ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toʃtaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toʃtəman |
| Active participle: | toʃtəʃo |
| Passive participle: | toʃtəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toʃtəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | toʃtədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toʃten |
| Negative gerund: | toʃtəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toʃtəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toʃtəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toʃtəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | toʃtəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | toʃtədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||