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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemem | om toʃteme |
| 2SG: | toʃtemet | ot toʃteme |
| 3SG: | toʃtema | ok/ogeʃ toʃteme |
| 1PL: | toʃtemena | ona/ogəna toʃteme |
| 2PL: | toʃtemeda | oda/ogəda toʃteme |
| 3PL: | toʃtemat | ogət toʃteme |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃteməʃəm | ʃəm toʃteme |
| 2SG: | toʃteməʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toʃteme |
| 3SG: | toʃteməʃ | əʃ toʃteme |
| 1PL: | toʃteməʃna | əʃna toʃteme |
| 2PL: | toʃteməʃda | əʃda toʃteme |
| 3PL: | toʃteməʃt | əʃt toʃteme |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemenam | toʃtemen oməl |
| 2SG: | toʃtemenat | toʃtemen otəl |
| 3SG: | toʃtemen | toʃtemen ogəl |
| 1PL: | toʃtemenːa | toʃtemen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | toʃtemenda | toʃtemen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | toʃtemenət | toʃtemen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemem əʎe | om toʃteme əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtemet əʎe | ot toʃteme əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃtema əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toʃteme əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtemena əʎe | ona/ogəna toʃteme əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃtemeda əʎe | oda/ogəda toʃteme əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃtemat əʎe | ogət toʃteme əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemem ulmaʃ | om toʃteme ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃtemet ulmaʃ | ot toʃteme ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃtema ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toʃteme ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃtemena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toʃteme ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃtemeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toʃteme ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃtemat ulmaʃ | ogət toʃteme ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemenam əʎe | toʃtemen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtemenat əʎe | toʃtemen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃtemen əʎe | toʃtemen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtemenːa əʎe | toʃtemen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃtemenda əʎe | toʃtemen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃtemen əʎe | toʃtemen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemenam ulmaʃ | toʃtemen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃtemenat ulmaʃ | toʃtemen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃtemen ulmaʃ | toʃtemen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃtemenːa ulmaʃ | toʃtemen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃtemenda ulmaʃ | toʃtemen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃtemen ulmaʃ | toʃtemen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃteme | it toʃteme |
| 3SG: | toʃteməʒe | ənʒe toʃteme |
| 1PL: | (toʃtemena) | (ona/ogəna toʃteme) |
| 2PL: | toʃteməza | ida toʃteme |
| 3PL: | toʃteməʃt | ənəʃt toʃteme |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemənem | ənem toʃteme |
| 2SG: | toʃtemənet | ənet toʃteme |
| 3SG: | toʃteməneʒe | əneʒ toʃteme |
| 1PL: | toʃtemənena | ənena toʃteme |
| 2PL: | toʃteməneda | əneda toʃteme |
| 3PL: | toʃteməneʃt | əneʃt toʃteme |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemənem əʎe | ənem toʃteme əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtemənena əʎe | ənet toʃteme əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃteməneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toʃteme əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtemənena əʎe | ənena toʃteme əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃteməneda əʎe | əneda toʃteme əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃteməneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toʃteme əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃtemənet ulmaʃ | ənet toʃteme ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃteməneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toʃteme ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toʃteməneda ulmaʃ | əneda toʃteme ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃteməneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toʃteme ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toʃtemaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toʃteməman |
| Active participle: | toʃteməʃe |
| Passive participle: | toʃteməme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toʃteməʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | toʃtemədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toʃtemen |
| Negative gerund: | toʃteməde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toʃteməmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toʃteməmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toʃteməʃəla |
| Nominalization: | toʃteməmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | toʃtemədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||