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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemdem | om toʃtemde |
| 2SG: | toʃtemdet | ot toʃtemde |
| 3SG: | toʃtemda | ok/ogeʃ toʃtemde |
| 1PL: | toʃtemdena | ona/ogəna toʃtemde |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdeda | oda/ogəda toʃtemde |
| 3PL: | toʃtemdat | ogət toʃtemde |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemdəʃəm | ʃəm toʃtemde |
| 2SG: | toʃtemdəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toʃtemde |
| 3SG: | toʃtemdəʃ | əʃ toʃtemde |
| 1PL: | toʃtemdəʃna | əʃna toʃtemde |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdəʃda | əʃda toʃtemde |
| 3PL: | toʃtemdəʃt | əʃt toʃtemde |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemdenam | toʃtemden oməl |
| 2SG: | toʃtemdenat | toʃtemden otəl |
| 3SG: | toʃtemden | toʃtemden ogəl |
| 1PL: | toʃtemdenːa | toʃtemden onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdenda | toʃtemden odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | toʃtemdenət | toʃtemden ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemdem əʎe | om toʃtemde əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtemdet əʎe | ot toʃtemde əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃtemda əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toʃtemde əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtemdena əʎe | ona/ogəna toʃtemde əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdeda əʎe | oda/ogəda toʃtemde əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃtemdat əʎe | ogət toʃtemde əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemdem ulmaʃ | om toʃtemde ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃtemdet ulmaʃ | ot toʃtemde ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃtemda ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toʃtemde ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃtemdena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toʃtemde ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toʃtemde ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃtemdat ulmaʃ | ogət toʃtemde ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemdenam əʎe | toʃtemden oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtemdenat əʎe | toʃtemden otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃtemden əʎe | toʃtemden ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtemdenːa əʎe | toʃtemden onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdenda əʎe | toʃtemden odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃtemden əʎe | toʃtemden ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemdenam ulmaʃ | toʃtemden oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃtemdenat ulmaʃ | toʃtemden otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃtemden ulmaʃ | toʃtemden ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃtemdenːa ulmaʃ | toʃtemden onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdenda ulmaʃ | toʃtemden odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃtemden ulmaʃ | toʃtemden ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃtemde | it toʃtemde |
| 3SG: | toʃtemdəʒe | ənʒe toʃtemde |
| 1PL: | (toʃtemdena) | (ona/ogəna toʃtemde) |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdəza | ida toʃtemde |
| 3PL: | toʃtemdəʃt | ənəʃt toʃtemde |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemdənem | ənem toʃtemde |
| 2SG: | toʃtemdənet | ənet toʃtemde |
| 3SG: | toʃtemdəneʒe | əneʒ toʃtemde |
| 1PL: | toʃtemdənena | ənena toʃtemde |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdəneda | əneda toʃtemde |
| 3PL: | toʃtemdəneʃt | əneʃt toʃtemde |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtemdənem əʎe | ənem toʃtemde əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtemdənena əʎe | ənet toʃtemde əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃtemdəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toʃtemde əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtemdənena əʎe | ənena toʃtemde əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdəneda əʎe | əneda toʃtemde əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃtemdəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toʃtemde əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃtemdənet ulmaʃ | ənet toʃtemde ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃtemdəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toʃtemde ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toʃtemdəneda ulmaʃ | əneda toʃtemde ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃtemdəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toʃtemde ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toʃtemdaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toʃtemdəman |
| Active participle: | toʃtemdəʃe |
| Passive participle: | toʃtemdəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toʃtemdəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | toʃtemdədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toʃtemden |
| Negative gerund: | toʃtemdəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toʃtemdəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toʃtemdəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toʃtemdəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | toʃtemdəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | toʃtemdədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||